智能寻迹小车设计报告.docxVIP

智能寻迹小车的设计Intelligent Tracing Car Design摘要在智能寻迹小车控制系统的设计中，以AT89S52为核心，用L298N驱动两个减速电机，当产生信号驱动小车前进时，是通过寻迹模块里的红外对管是否寻到黑线产生的电平信号通过LM393再返回到单片机，单片机根据程序设计的要求做出相应的判断送给电机驱动模块，让小车来实现前进、左转、右转、停车等基本功能。小车前面置一金属传感器，每测到铁片就发出声光信息提示，并在显示屏上显示测到的铁片片数数与该铁片距离出发点的位置。壁障用的是红外发射一体管，测到挡板，会输出一个低电平给单片机，程序设计控制两个减速电机的快慢来控制小车绕过障碍物。通过光敏电阻来识别光源的方向，并找到光源。 寻迹是指通过红外发射管和接收管识别路径。 本实验的重点有三个方面：1.硬件的设计实现；2.软件的设计实现；3.方案的比较与论证。 报告共分为四章： 第一章是智能小车总体概况。介绍了小车的功能及展示了小车模型。 第二章是系统要求。介绍了小车设计的要求及寻迹的原理。详细阐述了各模块的方案比较与论证，最后得出最终方案。 第三章是硬件实现及单元电路实现。详细阐述了各部分电路的设计，并给出了原理图。 第四章是软件设计。介绍了设计思想、程序流程图及具体程序设计。 最后是参考文献和附录。关键词： 直流电机 红外对管 L298N识别路径 智能寻迹小车目录摘要·····························································1目录·····························································2智能小车概况·····················································31.2 总体结构图·················································3第二章 系统设计················································52.1 要求························································52.2 . 1小车寻迹的原理 ···········································62.2.2 寻光的原理················································62.2.3 壁障原理··················································62.3 模块方案比较与论证···········································6第三章 硬件实现及单元电路设计·····································93.1 AT89S52主控芯片介绍···········································93．2 硬件设计····················································13第四章 软件设计··················································184.1 软件设计思想·················································18第一章 智能小车总体概况 1.1概况 智能小车以AT89C51为核心，经焊接相关芯片用电路板自制而成，通过I/O口检测信号，输出信号到L298N，从而驱动两个减速电机控制其前进 停止 左转 右转。检测信号则为三组红外发射和接收管，一组黑线时输出高电平，白线时输出低电平。另两组黑线时输出低电平，白线时输出高电平。金属检测检测到金属时输出低电平，平时是高电平，在输出端接了一个蜂鸣器跟发光二极管，只要检测到金属，输出的低电平端正好是蜂鸣器跟发光二极管的低电平端，驱动蜂鸣器跟发光二极管，发出声光信号，单片机通过识别高低电平来判断是否检测到金属，并发出相应的控制信号，控制显示器显示。壁障功能是基于lm567芯片发出脉冲信号，当3管脚接收到的频率等于芯片的固有频率时，8管脚输出低电平，红外探头测到挡板，通过LM339和LM567处理输出一个低电平给单片机识别，并通过后退左转前进右转来绕过障碍物。寻光源用光敏电阻，光敏电阻测到光，阻值会减小，通过LM339比较器来给单片机输送高低电平，利用三个光敏电阻来寻光源。 1.2 总体结构图 第二章 系统设计2.1要求 1、基本要求