奥巴马总统关于重新审议情报监控问题的演讲.docxVIP

奥巴马1月17日在司法部举行新闻发布会，高调宣布自己对情报监控项目改革的决定，以期平息争议、挽回公众信任。但其决定主要是笼统的改革意向，细则还有待今后数月内由政府部门、情报机构拟定，部分内容更需国会批准。　其要点包括：在对内监控方面，第一，奥巴马提出国家安全局对内电话监听项目开启“转型期”，暂停大规模搜集和存储美国公民电话记录的作法，寻求不由政府来存储这些记录的新方案，并下令司法部长霍尔德和情报部门在3月28日前拟定和上报新方案细则。第二，他提议国会批准组建一个由专业人士组成的小组，参加美国外国情报监控法庭对秘密情报项目的审批过程，以代表民众保护隐私的呼声。　在对外监控方面，奥巴马承诺，情报监控必须以合法保护美国国家安全为目的，不能出于非反恐等安全需求而监控外国公众，不能对亲密盟友的领导人实施电子监控，以此挽回盟友及国际社会对美国的信心。但他强调，美国情报机构将继续针对外国政府的情报搜集工作，美国政府不会仅仅因为自己情报工作更高效而道歉。　尽管宣布了一定改革意向，奥巴马在当天演讲中也利用大半篇幅强调，情报监控对后“9·11”时代美国应对恐怖主义等威胁至关重要，自己所要做的绝不是停止这些可以保护美国人安全的监控项目，他也相信审核工作也并未显示出美国情报体系曾寻求违法或触犯公民隐私。　奥巴马也在讲话中再次谴责了“棱镜门”事件告密者斯诺登的泄密行为。Remarks by the President on Review of Signals IntelligenceDepartment of Justice, Washington, D.C.January 17, 2014　At the dawn of our Republic, a small, secret surveillance committee borne out of the “The Sons of Liberty” was established in Boston. And the group’s members included Paul Revere. At night, they would patrol the streets, reporting back any signs that the British were preparing raids against America’s early Patriots.　Throughout American history, intelligence has helped secure our country and our freedoms. In the Civil War, Union balloon reconnaissance tracked the size of Confederate armies by counting the number of campfires. In World War II, code-breakers gave us insights into Japanese war plans, and when Patton marched across Europe, intercepted communications helped save the lives of his troops. After the war, the rise of the Iron Curtain and nuclear weapons only increased the need for sustained intelligence gathering. And so, in the early days of the Cold War, President Truman created the National Security Agency, or NSA, to give us insights into the Soviet bloc, and provide our leaders with information they needed to confront aggression and avert catastrophe.　　Throughout this evolution, we benefited from both our Constitution and our traditions of limited government. U.S. intelligence agencies were anchored in a system of checks and balances -- with oversight from elected leaders,