英语文学赏析Lecture3-English essays.ppt

in the American Civil Rights Movement , in the?Singing Revolution to bring independence to the?Baltic countries from the?Soviet Union, and recently in the 2004?Orange Revolution and 2005?Rose Revolution, among other various movements worldwide. The Title Thoreaus 1848 essay?Civil Disobedience, originally titled Resistance to Civil Government, has had a wide influence on many later practitioners of civil disobedience. The driving idea behind the essay is that citizens are morally responsible for their support of aggressors, even when such support is required by law.? That title was a way of distinguishing Thoreaus program from that of the non-resistants (anarcho-pacifists) who were expressing similar views.?Resistance?also served as part of Thoreaus metaphor which compared the government to a machine, and said that when the machine was working injustice it was the duty of conscientious citizens to be a counter friction (i.e., a resistance) to stop the machine. CIVIL The word?civil has several definitions. The one that is intended in this case is relating to citizens and their interrelations with one another or with the state, and so?civil disobedience?means disobedience to the state.? Civil Disobedience What is the relationship between the state and the individual generally assumed to be? The individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly. The original title “Resistance to Civil Government Warm-up questions What do you know about non-violence? Nonviolence is passive resistance: peaceful resistance to a government by fasting or refusing to cooperate. The nonviolence movement was the approach that Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968) advocated within the Civil Rights movement. He strongly believed in bringing about change through nonviolent means such as boycotts, marches, speeches, and sit-ins. King made a powerful speech during the onset of the Civil Rights movement, saying We