水稻恢复系R1056耐热性鉴定和育种应用评价.docVIP

水稻恢复系R1056耐热性鉴定和育种应用评价 　　摘要：采用分期播种结合辅助加热温室设施对水稻恢复系R1056及其杂交稻组合在开花期的高温耐性进行了鉴定，同时对R1056及其杂交稻组合的农艺性状进行了考察评价。结果表明，开花期在38 ℃高温处理下，R1056的结实率、花药开裂率和每朵颖花柱头上的花粉数分别为70.4%、75.5%和78，与耐高温对照N22相当，极显著高于高温敏感材料；R1056配制的杂交稻组合的高温结实率、花药开裂率和每朵颖花柱头上的花粉数介于R1056和高温敏感品种之间。R1056农艺性状优良，配合力好，其配制的杂交稻组合株高较矮、穗数多、产量高。表明R1056不仅是一个优异的耐高温水稻种质材料，而且还是一个优良的三系杂交水稻恢复系。 关键词：水稻；恢复系；高温热害；耐热性 中图分类号：S511；S503.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）04-0753-05 Evaluation of Heat Tolerance and Breeding Application of Rice Restorer Line R1056 WAN Bing-liang1，ZHOU Ya-zhen1，2，ZHA Zhong-ping1，LI Jin-bo1，YIN De-suo1，QI Hua-xiong1 （1.Food Crop Research Institute，Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science / Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement，Wuhan 430064，China； 2.College of Life Sciences，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China） Abstract： The combination of interval sowing and green house with auxiliary heating was used to identify the heat tolerance of rice restorer line R1056 and the hybrid combinations from R1056 at flowering stage. The agronomic traits of R1056 and its hybrid combinations were also evaluated. The results showed that under high temperature treatment of 38 ℃ at flowering stage， the seed setting percentage， the anther dehiscence rate and the number of pollens on stigma of R1056 were 70.4%， 75.5% and 78，equivalent to the heat-tolerant variety N22（CK） and were significantly higher than those of heat-sensitive varieties. The hybrid combinations from R1056 were between R1056 and the heat-sensitive varieties. R1056 had excellent agronomic traits with high combining ability. The hybrid combinations from R1056 were characterized by shorter plant height， more spikes and higher yield. The results indicated that R1056 was both an outstanding heat-tolerant germplasm and an excellent restorer line of three-line hybrid rice. Key words： rice（Oryza sativa L.）； restorer line； high temperature stress； heat tolerance 水稻是中国的主要粮食作物，在国家粮食安全战略中占有主导地位。随着全球气候变暖，中国南方稻区，特别是长江流域7～8月高温热害频发，给水稻