医学统计学（扬州大学）Introduction to ANOVA.pptVIP

Introduction to ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance) Why ANOVA? Effects of CHO loading how much? 1 gm/kg? 2 gm/kg? 5 gm/kg? Effects of bracing on GRF which brace taping? Swed O? ActiveAnkle? Effeks uf alcohol on spelin what blood/alcohol level 0.04? 0.08? 0.10? ANalysis Of VAriance 1-way ANOVA Grouping variable = factor = independent variable The variable will consist of a number of levels If 1-way ANOVA is being used, there will be 2 levels of one IV. E.G. What type of program has the greatest impact on aggression? Violent movies, soap operas, or “infomercials”? Type of program is the independent variable or factor Violent movies is one level of the factor soap operas is one level of the factor Infomercials is one level of the factor Aggression is the dependent variable Example of Oneway ANOVA (single factor) No reason to assume correlation between the cases in the “k” groups (k = number of groups) Question: does CHO affect time to fatigue?? IV: diet (3 levels of IV or factor) DV: Endurance time on bike How to compare more than 2 means? ? refers to risk of making a Type 1 error with each comparison, we have “? ” chances of making a Type 1 error ? = 0.05 5 times in 100 we will reject a true null hypothesis when running each comparison Type 1 error rate is exponentially cumulative Family Wise error rate ? FW = 1- (1 - ? )c where c is the number of comparisons to be made ie if ? = 0.05 and three means Type 1 error rate is exponentially cumulative Family Wise error rate with three means to compare ? FW = 1- (1 - 0.05)3 = 0.143 Type 1 error rate is exponentially cumulative Estimating Family Wise error rate ? FW = ? c where c is the number of comparisons to be made Note: always overestimates the error rate ie if ? = 0.05: k = 3; k = 4????? ANOVA is an attempt to maintain the FW error rate at a known (acceptable) level Example of ANOVA:Return to our original question Question: does amount of CHO injected affect time to fatigue?? IV: diet (3 levels