量子与统计（清华大学）教学课件第6章.pptVIP

Equation of the relative motion 量子与统计 6-32 Coulomb potential, central and conservative In spherical polar coordinates Try the solution Radial equation of the relative motion 量子与统计 6-33 Get the radial equation Effective potential centrifugal potential (离心势能) Solutions (1D equivalent) Unbound state E0, continuous energies Bound state E0, discrete energies Radial equation of the relative motion 量子与统计 6-34 Bound state E0, rewrite Change of variables Radial equation of the relative motion 量子与统计 6-35 First get the limiting case Guess a form that valid for intermediate case Solution for v 量子与统计 6-36 Equation for v General polynomial solution, but may not be valid at boundary Finite polynomial satisfies the boundary condition Condition for finite polynomial series: Energy quantization 量子与统计 6-37 Energy eigenvalues Only n-dependent, (accidental degeneracy) Eigenfunctions the associated Laguerre polynomial Quantum number notation and atomic electronic levels 量子与统计 6-38 Characterized by three quantum numbers (n,l,m) Physical meanings: The main quantum number: n=1,2,3,… The orbital angular momentum: l=0,1,…,n-1 The projected angular momentum (Also called magnetic quantum number) m=l, l-1,…,- l+1,- l Degeneracy (简并) For a given n, there are a number of different states with different eigenvalues for L2 and Lz sharing the same energy. This number is called the energy level degeneracy Quantum number notation and atomic electronic levels 量子与统计 6-39 Notations Historically, we use the shorthand notation for the l values : l=0 l =1 l =2 l =3 l =4 ….. s p d f g .…. Transition energy formula Explanation of line spectra 量子与统计 6-40 Line series originates from electronic transitions between atomic energy levels The H atom wave functions 量子与统计 6-41 Wavefunction of ground state (nlm = 100) Wavefuntion of the first excited state How to relate to observations 量子与统计 6-42 Probability density Ground state of H atom Radial probability density Angular distribution 量子与统计 6-43 P