风暴潮屏障概述与设计考虑.docx

Overview and Design Considerations of Storm Surge BarriersL. F.?Mooyaart?and?S. N.?Jonkman,?Ph.D.AbstractThe risk of flooding in coastal zones is expected to increase due to sea level rise and economic development. In larger bays, estuaries, and coastal waterways, storm surge barriers can be constructed to temporarily close off these systems during storm surges to provide coastal flood protection. Worldwide, 18 storm surge barriers have been constructed thus far, but they are increasingly being considered as a future solution for other coastal locations. This study provides a systematic overview of existing storm surge barriers. It analyzes information about the main functions of each barrier, the type of gates used, and the associated costs. It also shows that functional requirements determine the design and layout of the barrier. The main design challenges are discussed. The study results may be of use in future planning and preliminary storm surge barrier design.IntroductionCoastal zones are exposed to a variety of natural hazards, such as erosion, salt water intrusion, subsidence, tsunamis, and floods from both storm surges and high river runoff (Small and Nicholls 2003). The likelihood of these natural hazards occurring may increase with climate change due to effects such as sea level rise. Furthermore, due to growing concentrations of human populations, settlements, and socioeconomic activities, coastal zones are becoming more vulnerable (Small and Nicholls 2003). From an economic perspective, these conditions lead to a higher demand for safety, justifying substantial investments in flood risk reduction (Brekelmans et al. 2012;?van Dantzig 1956). A typical solution for reducing flood risk is to raise the level of existing flood defenses. This solution can, however, be challenging to implement in urban areas in which space is limited and social impact can be considerable. For geographical areas with long, exposed coastlines (e.g., larger bays, estuaries, coasta