江苏牛津英语7B所有语法精讲精练.docVIP

l江苏牛津7B grammar a. prepositions of place above ,at ,behind, below, beside, between, in , in front of , inside, next to , on , opposite, outside, over ,under 一、 above, on, over over也表示在一物体上，但强调覆盖这一物体。试比较： ② She put her coat over the sleeping baby. 她把大衣盖在那正在睡觉的孩子身上。 ④There’s a cloth over the table. 桌上摊着一块台布。 ⑥ She put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住脸。over表示“越过”某一高度，具有动态之意， ⑧ To my horror, I saw, over my father’s shoulder, a gorilla, the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa. 使我感到恐怖的是，从我父亲的肩膀上看过去，我发现非洲士兵最危险的敌人一只大猩猩。(视线越过肩膀后，一直向前方延伸，不用on. ) ⑦ They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. 他们肩背绳索拖拽巨石。(绳在肩膀两边弯下去，不用on。)on表示在一物体上，强调两物相接触， ⑤ The woman lifted a big jar on her head. 那位妇女头上顶着一只大坛子。① She put her coat on the bed. 她把大衣放在床上。③There’s a magazine lying open on the table.桌上有本杂志翻开着。on仅表示“处于……之上”，是静态。试比较：⑨ The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders. 农民们肩上扛着锄头，向田地走去。(仅表示锄头所处的位置。是静态，用on，不用over. ) over和above都可以用来表示“高于”，相当于“higher than”。例如：① The water came up over/above our knees. 水已涨至我们膝盖之上。② Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees? 你看到那一片梨树上空飞翔的鸟吗？▲如果要表示“覆盖”或“越过”，则用over。如：③ There’s thick cloud over the south of England. 英格兰南部地区一片乌云。④ Electricity cables went over the fields. 电缆线越过田野。(这句也可以用across)▲指数量时，我们一般用 over(＝more than)表示“超过”，但如果指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度时，要用above。试比较：⑤ You have to be over 18 to see this film. 你得超过十八岁才能看这部电影。(不用above)⑥ The temperature is three degrees above zero. 温度在零上三度。(不用over)⑦ The mountain is over(＝more than)4,000 metres above (higher than) sealevel. 那座山海拔有四千多米高。▲over表示在某人或某物的正上方，反义词是under。 above表示位置高于某人或某物。但不一定是正上方，反义词是below. 巩固练习 We were flying over/across the Sahara. The pen is ____Amy’s desk. The bridge is ____the river . Anna’s flat is ____the 17th floor and it’s ____a quiet street. We love to sit ____the floor and look out at the sea. 二、 under , below below, under 这些前置词均可表示位置“在……下面”之意。below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽。50 metres below sea level 海平面下50米 The temperature is below z