高分子专外 Lecture25.docVIP

Processing of Polymers ? Increasing use of polymers – Light, tough, corrosion resistant and cheap – Price: Raw material + Processing ? Processing of “Solid” Polymers: – Polymer heated to the melt state, shaped under high pressure and cooled down to room temperature (below Tg or Tm) to preserve its shape聚合物加热到熔融状态,在高压力和冷却到室温(低于Tg或Tm)保持其形状。 – Shaping involves shear, bulk and elongational deformations of the polymer melt, which have different viscoelastic characteristics塑造包括剪切、批量和聚合物熔体的拉伸变形,不同的粘弹性特征。. From: Principles of Polymer Engineering (McCrum et al. 1995)  ? Extrusion – Films and sheets薄膜和薄板 – Fibers and filaments纤维和细丝 – Pipes, tubing and profiles管道油管和概要文件 – Wire coating ? Injection Molding喷射造型法 ? Thermoforming热压成型 ? Blow Molding吹塑法 ? Compression and Transfer Molding压送模塑法 Extrusion挤出 ? Most common polymer processing (60% of world production). ? Manufactures an endless product of constant cross-section that is cut, sawed, chopped, rolled or reduced to specific length. ?制造无尽的等截面的产品切割、锯、切、滚或减少特定长度。 ? Two-part process including “plastication” and “shaping” – Extruder converts a solid feedstock into a homogeneous melt and pumps it through a die at a uniform rate. -挤出机固体原料转换成均匀的熔体泵,通过以均匀的速度死亡。 – Following the die, a train of equipment ensures the extrudate cools to the right shape with the required molecular orientation. -挤出机固体原料转换成均匀的熔体泵,通过以均匀的速度死亡。 Extrusion: ? Extruder挤压机: Plastication塑化作用 – Cold polymer granules fed into a hopper and supplied to the screw by gravity——冷聚合物颗粒送入料斗和提供螺丝的重力 – Granules advance between the flights of the screw and the hot walls of the barrel——颗粒之间的航班提前螺钉和热桶壁 – As the polymer advances along the extruder, it becomes liquid——随着聚合物的进步在挤出机,它变成液体 (by melting or by passing through the glass transition玻璃化) – The polymer becomes pressurized at it moves along the extruder, so it can easily exit the extruder through a die冲模.  Extrusion:  A.) Conventional; B.) For “fragile” polymers; C.) PVC-type; D.) Nylon-type Screw Parameter