高三英语语法复习名词123.docVIP

高三英语语法复习：名词（一） 　 普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词又分为个体名词和集体名词；不可数名词又分为物质名词和抽象名词。 一.名词的数：? (一)可数名词：可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。 1.??规则变化： (1)一般情况直加s, map ??bag??teacher? place? nurse page? ???a German American???? ? (2)以s,x,ch,sh,ss,结尾加es??? watch ???box ?????bus 但??stomach-stomachs例外 (3)以辅音字母+y结尾结尾的，改y为i，再加es? city-cities? country-countries; 以元音字母+y结尾，直加 s，boys, days; 以y结尾的专有名词，直加s，The Henrys, The little Marys (4)以f,fe结尾的可数名词 A:变f, fe为v，再加es, knife, leaf, life, wolf?， thief,? half 一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life)危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife)杀死了一只狼(wolf) B: 直接加s: roof? chief brief proof? gulf? belif safe 一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof) 上面有个保险箱(safe)， 但 handkerchief- handkerchiefs, ?handkerchieves均可。 (5) 以辅音字母+o结尾多加 es hero? tomato?? potato? volcano negro 2.不规则变化 (1) 变元音字母 man-men? woman-women ?foot-feet?? tooth-teeth??? goose-geese a policeman-- some policemen Englishman – Englishmen? Frenchman--Frenchmen (2)变词尾????? Child-children?? ??penny-pence ?????mouse-mice (3)单复同形?? fish? deer? sheep? means? Chinese(国人以se结尾的词).. one sheep-- two sheep ???a Chinese-- two Chinese ???a Japanese-- several Japanese (4)有些名词只有复数形式 goods(货物)????? glasses(眼镜)??? compasses(圆规)?? thanks(感谢)???? clothes(衣服)??? ??remains (遗物，遗体)??? trousers(裤子) 有些名词要表示数量时，需要加上相应的单位名词a pair of trousers, a suit of clothes hair, fruit , food通常用单数表示总称,但表示若干根头发用复数a few white hairs (5) 有主体的复合名词变复数????????? passer-by passer(s)-by, ?looker-on lookers-on???????????? brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law (6) 没有主体的复合名词变复数,词尾加 s:? go-betweengo-betweens? grown-upgrowns-up good-for-nothing(s) (无用之人） (7)由man.woman 构成的复合名词变复数，两部分都要变 man-teachermen-teachers??? ???????woman-engineer—women-engineers 含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词：它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式 boy students,???? ??girl friends, ?????lady drivers (8)有些名词本身就是复数意义??? people ?cattle? staff? police ?public ?sheep (9)有些词虽以s结尾，但是单数?? news? politics ?physics ?maths/mathematics (10)以is的结尾的外来词，改is为es emphasis—emphases强调 ?crisiscrises危机 basis—bases 基础thesis—these论文 (11)有些外来词有自