2012届高考英语一轮山东.docVIP

2012届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义（四） 1：instead of 代替…… (1) instead of + n. / pron. Give me the red one instead of the green one. (2) instead of + doing We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator. (3) instead of + 介词短语 He studies in the evening instead of during the day. [比较] (1) instead adv. 作为替代，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. (2) rather than 而不是，与其……宁愿 He ran rather than walked. (3) in place of 代替，……而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks. 2：means means手段，方法.作名词讲时一定要注意单复数同形 All possible means have been tried. 一切可能的办法都已经被尝试过了。The quickest means of travel is by air. 最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。相关归纳： 　　(1)by means of　 用，依靠 She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.　 她不会说话，但手势表达了她的愿望 　 (2)by all means　一定，务必; 当然 By all means I must visit my sick friend.　　我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。　 ---May I stay at home from school? 我可以呆在家里不去上学吗？　　---By all means.　　　　　　　　　　　当然可以 。 (3)by no means　 决不，并未 I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.　我决不能假装对这种行为表示满意。　　　　　。 (4) by this/that means通过这种或那种方法 Only by this means can you succeed. 只有用这个方法你才能成功。 注意：means, method, way, approach的区别 (1)means指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，一般与介词by搭配即：by this/that means。means 后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语 (2)way是最普通常用的词，一般与介词in搭配即：in this/that way。way后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定语 The way he thought of to solve the problem is reasonable.= The way he thought of of solving the problem is reasonable. 他想出的解决这个问题的方法是合理的。 (3)method 强调强调系统的理论的方法，一般与介词with搭配即：with this/that method。method后接of doing sth. 做定语 Our teacher always changes his teaching methods to make his lessons interesting. 为了让他的可更有吸引力我们的老师经常改变教学方法。 (4) approach 常指解决问题或取得成功的方法。Approach 后只接to+ n.或 to + doing sth. 做定语。 The only approach to solving the problem is to turn to others for help. 解决这个问题的唯一办法是向别人求助。 what引导的名词性从句用法列析What引导主、宾、表从句时，what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分what＝the thing(s) that或somebody that What surprised me most was that such a little gi