《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总.docVIP

现代管理学The modern era of management began early in the 20th century when classical theorists,economists,and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the productivity of individuals and organizations. 例如一种管理理论For example ,a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfaction may be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production. 甚至在今天Even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and memoirs of men and women who are or have been practicing managers. 尽管这些办法Although these approaches evolved in historical sequence ,later ideas have always replaced early ones. 在过去的30年During the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to integrate the three approaches to management—classical,behavioral,and management science. 在这种情况下In this situation ,a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieve its objective. 例如严格的计划For example ,rigid plans,clearly defined jobs,antocratic leadership ,and tight controls have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers. 换言之In other words,the contingency approach seeks match different situations with different management methods. 当然富有远见Of cause ,having a vision is no guarantee of success. 通常一份任务A mission statement often focus on the market and customers that the company serves. 这些管理人员These managers are the strategists who develop the plans that guide the organization toward its goals. 与其他人的沟通All the skills required to communicate with other people ,work effectively with them , motive them ,and lead them are interpersonal skills. 为了把梦想变成In order to transform vision to reality ,managers must define specific goals and objectives. 最好的企业目标The best organizational ,measurable ,relevant ,challenging ,attainable ,and time limited. 折扣的发生A allowance occurs when a customer is not satisfied with a purchase for some reason. 企业在计算These refunds and price reductions must be considered when the firm computers its net sales figure for the