机械工程测试四.pptVIP

Chapter 4: Digital signal analysis * Advantages of Digital over Analog Signal Processing Numerically solve Fourier Transform Operations simply by changing the program while operations of an analog system usually implies a redesign of the hardware A digital system provides much better control of accuracy requirements Storage and transportable More sophisticated signal processing algorithms Cost * Limitations of digital implementation The speed of operation of A/D converters and digital signal processors e.g. signals having extremely wide bandwidths require fast-sampling rate A/D converters and fast digital signal processors Sometimes beyond the state of the art of digital hardware * Signal processing sensor Filter and Amp A/D converter Computer or digital hardware * Inside an A/D converter A/D conversion: i.e. to convert analog signals to a sequence of numbers having finite precision. * Sampling: Take values at certain time intervals Quantization: approximating a continuous range of values by a finite set of discrete integers e.g. rounding a real number in [0,100] to 1,2,3…100 Coding: each discrete value is represented by a n-bit binary sequence. * 4 bit A/D converter: XXXX X(1) ? 0101 X(2) ? 0011 X(3) ? 0000 * Principal considerations to select a type of A/D converter Resolution EFSR is the full scale voltage range; M: ADC’s bits Voltage range Conversion speed/rate e.g. 20MHz: 20M cycles/second * Sampling of analog signals T: Sampling period or sampling interval Fs=1/T: Sampling frequency * Sampling sinusoidal signals Correct Sampling frequency Sampling frequency is too low * Example 4.1 Considering the two analog sinusoidal signals: which are sampled at a rate Fs=40 Hz. What are the discrete-time signal obtained after sampling? Solution: Conclusion: distortion of aliasing caused by incorrect sampling rate/frequency. * Normally we have: Sampling theorem in general Sampling: multiplication of x(t) by a periodic unit impulse sequence. * Example 6: A s