上海版牛津初中英语9 A chapter4（被动语态）.docVIP

Language : passive voice A Active and passive sentences B Passive sentences that tell us who or what does something C Passive verb forms 课标要求掌握的被动语态构成 一般现在时：S+am/is /are +done 一般过去时：S+was/were +done 一般将来时：S+ will+be+ done 现在进行时：S+ am/is/are + being + done 现在完成时: S+ have/has + been+ done 过去进行时: S+ was/were+being+ done 情态动词S+can/may/must…+be+done 语态转换时所注意的问题 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。? ?We?have?bought?a?new?computer.? A?new?computer?has?been?bought.?(正确)? ?A?new?computer?have?been?bought.?(错误)? 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+?地点名词作状语。如： My?aunt?invited?me?to?her?dinner?party.? ?I?was?invited?to?her?dinner?party (by?my?aunt?).?  The?school?set?up?a?special?class?to?help?poor?readers.? A?special?class?to?help?poor?readers?was?set?up?in?the?school.? ?含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。? My?uncle?gave?me?a?present?on?my?birthday.? I?was?given?a?present?on?my?birthday.? 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A?present?was?given?to?me?yesterday.? 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如： bring,?give,?hand,?lend,?offer,?pass,?pay,?promise,?sell,?show,?take,?teach,?tell等。 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,?如： build,?buy,?cook,?cut,?choose,?do,?fetch,?find,?fix,?get,?keep,?make,?order,?paint,?play,?sing等。? 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 see,?watch,?hear,?notice,?listen?to,?look?at,?make,?feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。? We?often?hear?him?play?the?guitar.? He?is?often?heard?to?play?the?guitar.? The?earthquake?made?the?road?fall?onto?another?one?below.? The?road?was?made?to?fall?onto?another?one?below?by?the?earthquake. 由动词+?介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉 这类动词有：? 不及物动词+?介词，如:?agree?to,?ask?for,?laugh?at,?operated?on,?listen?to,?look?after,?think?of,?talk?about等。? ? 及物动词+?副词： 如：bring?about,?carry?out,?find?out,?give?up,?hand?in,?make?out,?pass?on,?point?out,?put?away,?put?off,?think?over,?turn?down,?work?out,?turn?out等。 例句The baby should be looked after well.