高一英语必修三unit1重要知识点讲解.doc

Unit 1 Festivals Arond the World 语法：情态动词 情态助动词有十三个： may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. ·情态动词的语法特征 1）?情态动词?不能单独做谓语，除ought ?和have?外，后面只能接不带to?的不定式。 2）?情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。 3）?情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。 can, could 和be able to的用法 1.can, be able to都可表示“能力” Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人 She can/be able to sing the song in English. This machine can make you feel comfortable. 2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be?able?to可以用于各种时态。 We’ll be able to finish the work soon. I haven’t been able to see the film. could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如： I?could?read?when?I?was?four. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened. She ran fast but she couldn’t /wasn’t able to catch the bus. 3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were?able?to，?不能用could。 He?was?able?to?flee?Europe?before?the?war?broke?out. ?? He?was?able?to?swim?halfway?before?he?got?tired. 　　 4.could不表示时态 ,表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 Could I have a look at your notebook? Yes, you can./No,?you?cant. 5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中) Can this news be true? How can you be so foolish? It can’t be Mary. She has fallen ill. 6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否定句(意思是不可能已经)和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是那时可能;本来可以)。 Linda didn’t catch the train. She could have caught it. Dont?worry. They?could?have?just?forgotten?to?phone. may和might 1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustn’t ---May I use your pencil? ---Yes, you may./ No, you mustn’t. 2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。might暗示的可能性更小 She may not be working now. John might be at home now. 3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/might have done,用might比用may的可能性更小 She may/might have gone to the cinema. They may/might not have received our telephone. 4.may?放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May?God?bless?you! Will 和 would 1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称 If you will help m