苏大应用技术学院09电气测控专业英语翻译.docVIP

1:To simplify analysis of actual circuits, it is usual to show them symbolically in a diagram called a circuit diagram, which is in fact a fictitious or,rather, idealized model of an actual circuit of network. such a diagram consists of interconnected symbols called circuit elements or circuit parameters. Two elements are necessary to represent processes in a D.C. circuit. These are a source of e.m.f. E and of internal(or source)resistance Rs, and the load resistance (which includes the resistance of the conductors)R 为了简化实际电路的分析，经常把它们在一种叫做电路图，事实上是虚构的，或者说是相当理想化的实际电路网络模型中表现出来。这种图是由称为电路元件或者电路参数的相互连接的符号组成的。要在一个直流电路中呈现流程，两个元素是必要的。它们是电源电动势E和内阻Rs及负载电阻R（包含了导体电阻）。 2:Consider an elementary circuit containing a single source of e.m.f.E and of internal resistance Rs, and a single load R. The resistance of the conductors of this type of circuit may be neglected. In the external portion of the circuit, that is, in the load R, the current is assumed to flow from the junction a(which is at a higher potential such that φa=φ1)to the junction b(which is at a lower potential such thatφb=φ2).The direction of current flow may be shown either by a hollow arrowhead or by supplying the current symbol with a double subscript whose first digit identifies the junction at a high potential and the second the junction at a lower potential. Thus for the circuit of Fig.2.1,the current I=Iab. 观察一个包含一个单电源电动势E和内阻Rs及单负载R的基础电路。这种形式的电路中的导体电阻可以忽略。在电路外部，在负载R中，电流被假定为从节点a（以一个较高的电位例如φa=φ1）流向节点b（以一个较低的电位φb=φ2）。电流的方向可以被中空的箭头或者双下标电流符号，其中第一个数字为较高电位节点和第二个为较低电位节点。正如图2.1电路，电流I=Iab。 3:Depending on the relative magnitude of the voltages across RS and R, we can develop two modifications of the series equivalent circuit. In the equivalent circuit of Fig.2.2(a), V is controlled by the load current and is decided by the difference between the source e.m.f. E and the voltage drop V. If RsR and, for the same current, VsV(that is,if the source is operating under conditions very close to no-load or an open-circuit), we may ne