二、翻译与对等.doc

Translation and Equivalence I. Teaching contents 1. Review 2. Translation and equivalence 2. Definition of equivalence 3. Classification of equivalence 4. Assignments 5. References for further reading II. Teaching Aims To make the students aware of the relationship between translation and equivalence through discussion, explanation etc. III. Teaching Focus The relation ship between translation and equivalence IV. Teaching Procedures: Step One: Review 1. General introduction to translation course 1) The definition of translation 2) The nature of translation 3) The characteristics of translation 2. Comments on the assignment given to the students in last period Step Two: Group discussion about equivalence. 1. What is equivalence? Equivalence refers to the description of one thing in the source language(original language) in different languages. In fact translation is about equivalence. (不同语言用来表达同一事物的词叫对等词.) 2. How many kinds of equivalence do you know? What are they? There are the following kinds of equivalence: A. 形式对等形式对等是奈达在翻译圣经时和＂动态对等＂并存提出的一个概念，它强调的是原文的可读性形式对等通过保留原语的习语修辞形式措词等，让译语读者理解原文所表达的内容．奈达所提出的形式对等，在本质上与直译法是一致的：强调忠于原文Word Equivalence / Word-for-word correspondence can be divided into the following kinds): a. Total equivalence: (完全对等) Two words in two different languages have exactly the same meaning. (两个对等 词词义完全相同。) eg. Marxism=马克思主义 Beijing University= 北京大学 New York=纽约 radar= 雷达 aspirin=阿斯匹林 laser= 激光 b. Partial equivalence: (部分对等) Two words in two different languages have many meanings, in which only one or some are the equivalents. (两个词在其所在的语言中各有许多不同含义，其中只有一个或数个词义对等。) 在下面例子中英语“pull”和汉语的 “拉”是对等的。 eg. 拉门 pull the door 拉断 pull apart 拉开抽屉 pull open the drawer 拉开开关 pull switch 他拉了拉我的袖自。 He pulled my sleeve. 但是在下面例子中英语“pull”和汉语的“拉”是不对等的。 eg. pull a tooth 拔牙