电子信息与通信工程专业英语lesson4-1.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Electromagnetic Field and Wave 　　;4.1 Electromagnetic Fields Theory ;Terminology;;In1864, James Clerk Maxwell proposed one of the most successful theories in the history of science. In a famous memoir to the Royal Society, he presented nine equations summarizing all known laws on electricity and magnetism. By postulating the need for an additional term to make the set of equations self-consistent, Maxwell was able to put forth what is still considered a complete theory of macroscopic electromagnetism. To form a complete field theory we need a source field, a mediating field, and a set of field differential equations. This allows us to mathematically describe the relationship between effect (the mediating field) and cause (the source field). ;In Maxwell’s equations, the source field consists of the vector field (the current density) and the scalar field (the charge density), the mediating field is the electromagnetic field consisting of the set of four vector fields , , and . ; =electric field intensity (vector), volts/meter (V/m) =magnetic field intensity (vector), ampere/meter (A/m) =electric flux density (vector), coulombs/meter2 (C/m2 ) =magnetic flux density (vector), webers/meter2 (Wb/m2 ) =electric current density (vector), amperes/meter2 (A/m2 ) =electric charge density (scalar), coulombs/meter3 ( C/m3 );All the above quantities, in time-varying fields, are arbitrary real functions of space, i.e. the position vector r (meters) and time t (seconds) while they are functions of just r in the static fields. Two new concepts should be built: the electric field can be produced by changing magnetic field and the magnetic field produced by changing electric field. So we call it ----- electromagnetic field. ; Maxwell’s equations; The law says that the magnetic flux through any closed surface is equal to zero. The law tells us that the outward fl