牧草栽培学第一章作业-打破休眠的措施.doc

Dormancy breaking treatments 打破休眠的处理措施 Physical dormancy 物理休眠 1. Scarification 划破法 Any treatments may be physical or chemical that weakens or softens the seed coat is known as scarification（乱割、划破、乱划）. This method is more applicable to Malvaceae（锦葵科） and Leguminaceae group of seeds. 任何物理或者化学的能够削弱或者软化种皮的方法称为划破法。这种方法更适用于锦葵科和豆科的种子。 a) Acid scarification 酸腐法By using concentrated H2SO4 （浓硫酸）@ 100 ml/kg of seed for 2-3 minutes treatments dormancy can be overcome in the above group of seeds. The duration of treatment will vary and it depends on type and nature of seed coat. 通过使用每1 kg种子以100ml浓硫酸腐蚀约2-3分钟的方法，以上种子类群的休眠可被克服。处理种子的时间会随着种皮的类型以及本身特性的不同而不同。 b) Mechanical scarification 机械划破法Seeds are rubbed（摩擦） on a sand paper or with a help of mechanical scarifier(划痕器) or by puncturing(穿刺) on seed coat with the help of needle to enhance / increase the moisture absorption by seeds. 可以将种子放在砂纸上摩擦或者使用机械划痕器或者辅以针刺种皮来强化种子对水分的吸收。E.g. Bitter gourd（苦瓜）for sand scarification, sand and seed 2:1 ratio should be followed. Rub against hard surface of seed for 5 to 10 minutes. 例：苦瓜种子可用沙子打磨法，沙子和种子要按照2:1的比例。对坚硬的种子表面要磨5到10分钟。 2. Hot water treatments 热水处理法It is effective in case of leguminous tree crop seeds. The seeds should be soaked（浸泡） in boiled water（开水） for 1-5 minutes for 60-80 minutes. Some crops like Bengal gram（孟加拉鹰嘴豆） and Groundnut（落花生）, hot water treatment for more than 1 minute is found injurious to seed. 这种方法对豆科木本作物很有效。种子要在开水中浸泡1-5分钟，有的需要60-80分钟。有一些作物比如孟加拉鹰嘴豆和落花生，热水处理超过1分钟会对种子有伤害。 3. Stratification treatment 层积法 When seed dormancy is due to embryo（胚胎）factor, seeds can be subjected to stratification treatments. 当种子休眠是由于种胚的因素产生的，这些种子可用分层法处理。 a) Cold stratification 低温层积法Incubate（孵化，萌发） the seed at low temperature of 0-5 0 C over a moist substratum（底层） for 2-3 days to several months. It depends on the nature of seed and kind of dormancy. (e.g.) Cherry and oil palm seeds. 在一个低温（0-5 0 C）的底层湿润的环境下来萌发种子，可能经历2-3天到几个月不等的时间。这依赖于种子的特性和休眠的种类。比如樱桃和油棕的种子。 b) Warm stratification 中温层积法Some se