预防医学英文总结.docxVIP

名解*Essential nutrients: The essential substances are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life.Two characteristics: 1/ its omission from diet must lead to a decline in certain aspects of human health; 2/ if the omitted nutrient is restored to the diet before permanent damage occurs, those aspects of human health hampered by its absence should regain normal function.*Acid rain: Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses low pH (5.6). Acid rain is caused by emissions of SO2 and NOx.*Soil:Soil is the unconsolidated or loose covering of fine rock particles that covers the surface of the earth. It is the complex of minerals, organic materials, water, air, etc.*Raynaud’s disease: a vasospastic(血管痉挛的) disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas.*Primary preventive: Avoid occurrence of an illness and injury by preventing exposure to risk factors. (prevention before disease occurrence).*Eutrophication: Eutrophication is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system.*Soil pollution: soil pollution is caused by the presence of human-made xenobiotic(杀虫剂) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste.*RNI/RDA: Recommended nutrients intake/recommended dietary allowance, means nutrient intake that is sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all individuals (about 70%) in certain age and gender group. *Kwashiorkor: is an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability(过敏性), anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.*Occupational disease: is chronic ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity. It has a specific or a strong relation to o