[医学保健]泌尿系统_10261.ppt

Chapter outline Functional renal anatomy Renal blood flow Glomerular filtration Transport in the renal tubule and collecting duct Urinary concentration and dilution Regulation of urine formation Clearance Micturition Excretion pathway: .呼吸器官(respiratory system) .大肠(large intestine) .皮肤(skin) .肾脏(kidney) Function anatomy and blood flow of kidney Nephron 肾单位 Basic unit for anatomy and function of kidney Composed of renel corpuscle and renal tubule Divided into two types:cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron Regulation of renal blood flow Autoregulation Neural and humoral regulation Functions of kidney 1 Formation and excretion of Urine 排出机体代谢产物与进入体内的异物 调节体内水和电解质的平衡并维持体液渗透压的稳态 参与调节机体的酸碱平衡 ——维持Internal environment 的相对稳定 2 Secrete some hormones 如肾素(renin) 、促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin )、1，25-二羟胆骨化醇、激肽等 皮质肾单位 近髓肾单位 Cortical Nephron Juxtamedullary Nephron 分布 皮质的外层和中层 皮质的内层 数量 85% 15% 肾小球 小 大 髓袢 短，位于皮质内或 长，可深达内髓层 外髓层 入出球小A? 入＞出 入≤出 出球小A分支 管周毛细血管网 管周毛细血管网 和U形直小血管 肾素含量 丰富 少 交感N末梢 丰富 少 主要功能 尿的滤过和生成肾素 尿的浓缩和稀释 cortical nephron 皮质肾单位 The nephrons have their glomeruli located in the outer and middle portion of the renal cortex are called cortical nephrons. juxtamedullary nephron 近髓肾单位 The nephrons have glomeruli that lie deep in the renal cortex near the medulla and have long loops of Henle that are deep into the medulla are called juxtamedullary nephron. glomerular filtration membrane 肾小球滤过膜 The barrier between the capillary blood and the fluid inside the Bowmens capsule is called glomerular filtration membrane. juxtaglomerular apparatus 近球小体 The juxtaglomerular