[医学保健]泌尿系统_10540.ppt

Chapter outline I. Functional renal anatomy II. Renal blood flow III. Glomerular filtration IV. Transport in the renal tubule and collecting duct V. Urinary concentration and dilution VI. Regulation of urine formation Clearance Renal regulation of acid-base balance IX. Micturition Respiratory system (呼吸器官) Large intestine (大肠) Skin (皮肤) Kidney (肾脏)** Excretory Approach Urinary System General principles Kidney Functions** Kidneys regulate water and electrolyte levels. Kidneys regulate acid-base balance. Kidneys excrete metabolic waste products and foreign substances. Hormones produced are angiotensin Ⅱ,1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, aldosterone and erythropoietin(EPO). I. Functional renal anatomy The nephron is the basic subunit of the kidney. It is composed of two components: the glomerulus and the renal tubule. Renal arterioles lead to glomerular capillary tufts, which are the site of blood filtration. Bowman’s capsule receives this filtrate, which is modified as it passes along the kidney tubules. A single kidney is divided into four major sequential sections: Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct, each with unique characteristics. Capillaries surround kidney tubules enabling exchange between blood and tubular fluid. 1.Basic kidney structure 2. Nephron structure Nephron structure Nephrons can reach to renal medulla Cortical nephron 皮质肾单位 The nephrons have their glomeruli located in the outer and middle portion of the renal cortex are called cortical nephrons. Juxtamedullary nephron 近髓肾单位 The nephrons have glomeruli that lie deep in the renal cortex near the medulla and have long loops of Henle that are deep into the medulla are called juxtamedullary nephron. 皮质肾单位 近髓肾单位 Cortical Nephron Juxtamedullary Nephron 分布 皮质的外层和中层 皮质的内层 数量 85% 15% 肾小球 小