文献翻译-早年客体关系中的皮肤体验(王蕾译).docxVIP

作者介绍：伊斯特毕克（1901－1983），是一名内科医生和精神分析师。出生于波兰，是一名犹太人。她创始并发展出观察婴儿和年幼儿童的一套方法，这套方法同时兼顾了科学性客观性以及如何使用观察者自己的情绪经验两方面。她接受梅兰妮克莱茵的分析，并于1949年，在约翰鲍比（John Bowlby）的邀请下来到塔维斯托克中心主要负责分析性训练课程的开发，藉此机会，她得以发展出婴儿观察训练并将其发展成为精神分析训练的基础课程。虽然她留世的文章很少，但都引起很大的反响，她的思想在整个英国，直到欧洲，甚至更大范围都有重要的影响力。（1968）. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 49:484-486（1968）国际精神分析期刊The Experience of the Skin in Early Object-Relations早年客体关系的皮肤体验Esther Bick作者：伊斯特.毕克翻译：王蕾The central theme of this brief communication is concerned with the primal function of the skin of the baby and of its primal objects in relation to the most primitive binding together of parts of the personality not as yet differentiated from parts of the body. It can be most readily studied in psychoanalysis in relation to problems of dependence and separation in the transference.这篇短文的核心内容主要在于：婴儿皮肤的原始机能以及原初客体的原始机能，实际上涉及到最为初始的阶段是如何将人格组成的不同部分连接在一起而不是将身体的不同部位连接在一起。这个观点也可以用在精神分析研究移情中的依赖和独立。The thesis is that in its most primitive form the parts of the personality are felt to have no binding force amongst themselves and must therefore be held together in a way that is experienced by them passively, by the skin functioning as a boundary. But this internal function of containing the parts of the self is dependent initially on the introjection of an external object, experienced as capable of fulfilling this function. Later, identification with this function of the object supersedes the unintegrated state and gives rise to the fantasy of internal and external spaces. Only then the stage is set for the operation of primal splitting and idealization of self and object as described by Melanie Klein. Until the containing functions have been introjected, the concept of a space within the self cannot arise. Introjection, i.e. construction of an object in an internal space is therefore impaired.在最为初始的状况下，人格的组成部分如同一盘散沙，彼此之间毫无吸引力，它们只能利用皮肤的边界功能被动的被聚合在一起。但这种涵容自体各个部分的内在功能就完全仰赖于内摄一个外部客体，才有能力去完成这种内在功能。然后，对客体的认同联同上述对自体的涵容一起，将取代婴儿的非整合状态并激发出其对内在空间和外部空间的幻想。只有在这之后，婴儿才会进入梅兰妮克莱恩（