美国文学嘉莉妹妹教学.docxVIP

Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱塞One of the pioneer and representative writers in American modern novels.One of the great American naturalist writers.One of the three giants of modern American novels with Hemingway, Faulkner(福克纳).His novels are full of tragedies, serious subjects and miserable, vulgar and ugly side of the society.Main works: Sister carrier, Jennie Gerhardt（珍妮姑娘）, An American Tragedy (美国悲剧)（上节课我们学过杰克伦敦和他的作品马丁·伊登，我们知道杰克伦敦也是一位伟大的自然主义作家，好吧，上节课已经离我们很遥远了，那时候可能我们都还小，还是先来复习一下好了。）一．Naturalism: （自然主义）Naturalism designates a literary movement in the late 18th and early 20th centuries in France, America and England.Major features:（主要特征）(1)Humans are controlled by laws of environment and heredity .(2)American Naturalism:pessimistic realism - misery and poverty of underdogs of lower society.(在嘉莉妹妹这篇文章中对“人类受环境和遗传的影响有充分的体现)背景：当时美国正在发展资本主义经济，也是美国梦最盛行的时候，大量的rural Americans(农村人)涌入大城市想要实现他们的美国梦。Environment:（首先我们来看一下这一句话，请大家看到113页第一段的第一句话When Caroline Meeber boarded the afternoon train for Chicago, her total outfit consisted of a small trunk, a cheap imitation alligator-skin satchel, a small lunch in a paper box, and a yellow leather snap purse, containing her ticket, a scrap of paper with her sisters address in Van Buren Street, and four dollars in money.（有同学自愿翻译的吗？今天回答问题最多的同学下课我请他吃饭）当嘉洛林·米贝搭赴芝加哥的下午班火车时，她的全部行装包括一个小皮箱，一个便宜的仿鳄鱼皮提包，一小纸盒午餐和一只有暗扣的黄皮荷包，里面放着她的车票，写着她姐姐在凡布仑街住址的纸片，还有四美元现钱。（大家从这段话可以看出什么，她的家庭环境怎么样：不富裕对吧。嘉莉就是由于对农村贫穷、落后环境的不满，同时为追求心中的梦想，纯朴善良的她背井离乡、孤身一人坐上了去大城市芝加哥的火车，离开了农村。）（大家再看到第113页的第三段）When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility.一个１８岁的女孩离开家庭，有两种遭遇，必得其一。或者是有好人相助，而好了起来，或者是很快染上了大都市的恶习而堕落下去。在这样的环境里，不好不坏是不可能的。（这是当时美国社会环境导致的两个必然的结果。这也体现了自然主义的一个特点：对客观现实的描述。我个人认为这句话也是为嘉莉最后的结局埋下了伏笔，因为她马上就在火车上遇见了对她有好感的高富帅Drouet杜洛埃，最后她变成了百老汇舞蹈明星，成功跻入美国上流社会）Heredity（第114页