卢梭_论科学与艺术中文.doc

A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences By Jean Jacques Rousseau Translated by G. D. H. Cole (From The Social Contact Discourses By Jean Jacques Rousseau of Philosophy and Theology of Everyman’s Library Edited by ERNEST RHYS London: Published by J.M.DENTSON, LTD. and in New York by E.P.DUTTONCO. ) 【作者简介】：卢梭1712——1778），是瑞士兼法国籍的思想家、哲学家和教育家。他生性爱好自然，行为不拘，一生只受过年正规教育。但他善于学习，与一些社会名流交往，深受影响，形成了自己的政治主张。他认为，所有社会的压迫和腐败，都是由于文明进化；科学徒示人以技巧，而艺术则只召人以浮华，剥夺人类心灵的自由和本性的发展，因此科学和艺术的进步不但不能给人类带来愉快，却足以使道德堕落。他还认为，人类不平等的根源实在于文明的进步。卢梭主要著作《民约论》，《爱弥尔》，《忏悔录》他对近宗教、社会、文化、教育的改革，都曾作出伟大的的启发和指导。第戎学院有奖征文，题目是：科学和艺术的复兴是不是有助于人类风俗的纯洁化？名列第一，打响了反封建文化的第一炮。强调，艺术与科学的进步并没有给人类带来好处。他认为知识的积累加强了政府的统治而压制了个人的自由，物质文明的发展事实上破坏了真挚的友谊，取而代之的是嫉妒、畏惧和怀疑。A DISCOURSE ON THE MORAL EFFECTS OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES By Jean Jacques Rousseau Translated by G. D. H. Cole (p.125-129，140-154) A DISCOURSE WHICH WON THE PRIZE AT THE ACADEMY OF DIJON IN 1750, ON THIS QUESTION PROPOSED BY THE ACADEMY: HAS THE RESTORATION OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES HAD A PURIFYING EFFECT UPON MORALS? Barbarus hic ego sum, qui non intelligor illis. — OVID.（1） （1）[Here I am a barbarian, because men understand me not.] Preface 1. THE following pages contain a discussion of one of the most sublime and interesting of all moral questions. It is not concerned, however, with those metaphysical subtleties, which of late have found their way into every department of literature, and from which even our academic curricula are not always free. We have now to do with one of those truths on which the happiness of mankind depends. 2. I foresee that I shall not readily be forgiven for having taken up the position I have adopted. Setting myself up against all that is nowadays most admired, I can expect no less than a universal outcry against me: nor is the approbation of a few sensible men enough to make me count on that of the public. But I have taken my stand, and I shall be at no pains to please either intellectuals or men of the world. There are in all age