石油化工行业换热器设计说明书.docVIP

摘 要 换热器在石油化工行业中有着广泛的应用，本次设计针对水的冷却问题，工艺和操作的要求、经济上的要求、保证安全生产。由所给的设计条件，我们选取了水冷却器，并根据《化工工艺设计手册》、GB150-98和GB151-99等设计标准对冷却器进行了工艺计算和结构设计，进一步确定了冷却器的各种尺寸，并用CAD软件绘制了冷却器的装配图和零件图。 设计出来的流程和设备首先要保证质量，操作稳定，这就必须配置必要的阀门和计量仪表等，并自确定方案时，考虑到各种流体的流量，温度和压强变化使采取什么措施来调节，而在设备发生故障时，加修应方便。在确定某些操作指标和治标和选定设备型式以及仪表配置时，要有经济核算的观点，既满足工艺和操作要求，又使施工简便，材料来源容易，造价低廉。如果有废热可以利用，要尽量节省热能，充分利用，或者采取适当的措施达到降低成本的目的。在工艺流程和操作中若有爆炸、燃烧、中毒、烫伤等危险性，就要考虑必要的安全措施。 关键词：换热器；结构设计；工艺设计；GB150-98；GB151-99  Abstract Heat exchangers in the petrochemical industry has a wide range of applications, this design for water cooling, process and operational requirements, economic requirements, to ensure safe production. Given by the design conditions, we selected water cooler, and under Chemical Process Design Manual, GB150-98 and GB151-99 and other design criteria of the cooler to the process calculation and structural design, further defined the cooler various sizes and uses CAD software to draw the cooler assembly drawings and parts drawing. Processes and equipment designed first to ensure the quality, stable operation, which must configure the necessary valves and measurement instruments and so on, and since established programs, taking into account fluid flow, temperature and pressure changes so that the measures taken to regulation, and in equipment failure, plus repair should be easy. In determining the indicators and symptoms of certain operations and the selection of equipment type, and instrument configuration, there must be economic accounting point of view, not only meet the technological and operational requirements, and also allows easy construction, easy sources of material, low cost. If waste heat can be used to try to save energy, make full use of, or take appropriate measures to reduce costs. If in the process and operators in the explosion, burning, poisoning, burns and other dangers, we must consider the necessary security Key Words：Heat exchangers；Structural Design；Process Design；GB150-98；GB15