英国概况教案1-3.docVIP

英国概况教案1 Chapter One Land and People Brief introduction: 1. Name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（the short form: United Kingdom） 2. Nations, languages and religions(民族、语言与宗教) The population of the United Kingdom is 59.20million, among which about 80% is Englanders(英格兰人，英吉利人)，and about 20% are Scotch(苏格兰人), Welsh(威尔士人)and Irish(爱尔兰人). The popular language of the United Kingdom is English. Welsh(威尔士语)is still spoken in the north of Wales(威尔士), and Erse [???] (盖尔语,厄尔斯语)is spoken on the northern highlands of Scotland and part of Northern Ireland. The percent of the people believe in protestant(基督教新教), Catholicism(天主教)， Islam(伊斯兰教), Judaism(犹太教). 3. the nation (国家政体): Before 829 A.D.(公元) Britain was not one country. There were a lot of kingdoms on the Islands. In 829 A.D. England was consolidated(统一), and the Norman Dynasty(诺曼底王朝) was established in 1066, and in 1536 England combined with Wales(英格兰与威尔士合并)。In 1649 the dynasty was overthrown(推翻) and the Republic was founded (共和国成立). In 1660, the dynasty came back again(复辟)，and the constitutional monarch(君主立宪制)was established later. In 1707 it was combined with Scotland, and with Ireland in 1801. Great Britain became the first country that completed the Industrial Revolution in 1860’s to 1930’s. By 1914 the area of the Great Britain’s colonies was 111 times as much as that of the country(它所属殖民地是本土的111倍). And the population of the colonies was 8 times as large as that of the country. In 1921, 26 prefectures / shires (郡) in the south of Ireland broke away from Great Britain(脱离英国). And after World War II, its colonies declared their independence one after another(纷纷独立)，but it still has 13 demesne [di’mein] （海外领地） now. Great Britain is a country of constitutional monarch(君主立宪制国家)。The parliament is the highest organization of justice and legislation(最高司法和立法机构), which is made up of the king, the Upper House(上院)