多伦多大学大一物理讲义多伦多大学大一物理讲义.pdf

Chapter 9 Chapter 9 IMPULSE AND IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM MOMENTUM COLLISION PROBLEMS COLLISION PROBLEMS A tennis ball and racket collision: A tennis ball and racket collision: a microscopic view a microscopic view COLLISION: FORCE VS TIME GRAPH A large force exerted during a small interval of time is called an impulsive force. LINEAR MOMENTUM LINEAR MOMENTUM The product of the particle’s mass and The product of the particle’s mass and velocity is called the linear momentum velocity is called the linear momentum p = mv p = mv As a vector quantity, the momentum As a vector quantity, the momentum can be represented in terms of its can be represented in terms of its components: components: p = mv p = mv p = mv p = mv x x y y x x y y ALTERNATIVE FORM OF ALTERNATIVE FORM OF NEWTON ’S SECOND LAW NEWTON ’S SECOND LAW F = ma = m(dv/dt) = d(mv)/dt = dp /dt F = ma = m(dv/dt) = d(mv)/dt = dp /dt Therefore, F = dp /dt Therefore, F = dp /dt i.e. the force can be viewed as the rate of i.e. the force can be viewed as the rate of change of momentum change of momentum This is a much stronger statement than This is a much stronger statement than our previous version F = ma our previous version F = ma Why? Why? The version F = dp /dt allows for the possibility that not only the velocity, but also the mass can change! Example: rocket filled with fuel is loosing its mass as it burns the fuel. IMPULSE IMPULSE F = dp /dt is a differential equation F = dp /dt is a differential equation