英语胡谦M130112300.docx

Using PDMS to measure bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants Abstract：This article is mainly about measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOCs) in sediment by partitioning based methods (passive sampling) using PDMS. The characteristics of HOCs and the harm of HOCs to benthic invertebrates and human are shortly introduced. The combination of bioaccumulation test and passive sampling technique also can more accurate evaluate the effect of contaminated sediment on aquatic organism.Keywords : HOCs, passive sampling, bioavailability, bioaccumulationMany important environmental contaminants are hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), which include PCBs, PAHs, PBDEs, DDT and other pyrethroid insecticides, among others[1]. Sediment and soil-borne HOCs are a concern for ecosystems and human health because of their persistence, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity[2].Pyrethroid insecticides have been detected in sediment and water samples at concentrations lethal to invertebrates throughout the United States[3]. Sediments collected from an urban creek in China exhibited high acute toxicity to Hyalella azteca with 81.3% of sediments being toxic. A toxic unit (TU) estimation demonstrated that the pyrethroid, cypermethrin, was the major contributor to toxicity[4]. Therefore, it is important to have an accurate and effective means of assessing the potential impact of these pesticides in the environment. The traditional approach for predicting the risk of HOCs in sediment is to relate organic carbon normalized sediment concentrations to body residues or toxic effects to organisms. However, due to the multiple variables controlling bioavailability, this method has limitations.[5] To improve risk and toxicity assessment, it is essential to better understand the bioavailability of sediment-associated HOCs and the biological effects of this bioavailable fraction[6]. Although the term “bioavailability” has been widely used in ecotoxicology an