中国地质大学北京考博翻译辅导材料2017.pdfVIP

翻译技巧讲解与练习 一、英汉词汇翻译技巧 1、增词法  省略增补 例:All other sounds are essentially mixtures of frequencies, and can generally be described as notes if harmonious or noise if they are an unpleasant mixture of random frequencies. 所有其他的声音基本上是各种频率的混合物，如果声音悦耳，则通常可称为 律音；如果声音是一种使人不悦的一些随机频率的混合物，则通常称之为噪音。  关联词语增补 例:However carefully boiler casings and steam-pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lost. 无论锅炉壳和蒸气管封闭地如何严密，然而还是会有一部分热损耗。  复数增补 例:However, in spite of all this similarity between a voltmeter and an ammeter there are also important differences. 可是尽管伏特表与安培表之间有这些类似之处，他们之间还是存在了很多重 要的差别。  名词增补 例: Since conduction is by both holes and electrons, the junction transistor is bipolar. 电子传导是靠空穴和电子两者进行的，因为结型晶体管是双极式的。  概括词增补与被动增补 例:The resistance of the pipe to the flow of water through it depends upon the length of the pipe, the diameter of the pipe, and the nature of the inside walls (rough or smooth). 水管对于通过的水流的阻力取决于下列三个因素：管长、管道直径、管道内 壁的性状（粗糙或平滑）。  语气词增补 例: The chemical purity of the sponge iron had a positive effect, especially for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron and high-grade hot metal for steel making. 海绵铁的化学纯度具有积极影响，特别对于球磨铸铁和优质炼钢生铁的生产 来说更是如此。 2、省略法  冠词省略 例:The cutting tool that removes metal from the work-piece must not only be considerably harder than the metal being cut but also be able to retain this hardness during the heat produced by the cutting action. 1 切削金属工件的刀具不仅应当具有比工件本身更高的硬度，而且能够在因切 削而产生的高温中继续保持其硬度。  代词省略 例: There are three things we have to know about every force in order to understand the effects that it produces; these are its size, direction and its points of application. 为了了解力所产生的作用，对于每个力必须知道三个要素，即力的大小、方 向和着力点。  连词省略 例: The third law of motion tells us that the two forces which constitute such a pair are equal in magnitude and opposite direction. 运动