从空间论一妻多夫婚姻家庭-云南省社会科学院.docVIP

从空间论一妻多夫婚姻家庭 ——以佳碧村为案例 尹仑 (云南省社会科学院) 中文提要： 一妻多夫婚姻（Polyandry）是一种少见的婚姻形式。近百年来，人类学家对一妻多夫婚姻做过一些研究，产生了不同的理论观点和学术争论。居住在云南省迪庆州德钦县澜沧江流域的藏民们，过去曾盛行兄弟型一妻多夫婚姻（Fraternal Polyandry），目前在一些村庄这种婚姻依然存在。从生态环境的角度解释这种婚姻存在的原因和意义，是比较流行的视角和方法，但迄今为止这方面的研究大都停留在粗泛的定性论述的层面上。 德钦县佳碧村是一个目前仍然存在较多一妻多夫婚姻的村庄，通过对该村所进行的较长时间的田野调查，笔者发现村民们对其所居住的生态环境的认知，即他们对生境空间尤其是生计空间的划分和利用与婚姻形式之间存在着密切的关系。 根据对这种关系和相应的经济收入的分析和统计说明，无论从生计空间的占有还是从经济收入方面看，一妻多夫家庭都远远胜于一妻一夫家庭，这就是一妻多夫婚姻形式存在和延续的重要原因。 关键词：藏族、婚姻、一妻多夫婚姻、兄弟型一妻多夫婚姻、空间 作者简介：尹仑，白族，33岁，云南省社会科学院，云南省生物多样性和传统知识研究会 项目官员，法国国家自然历史博物馆硕士，法国国立高等社会科学院硕士，法国国立高等社会科学院博士生。单位地址：云南省社会科学院650034 Abstract： Polyandry is a very unique marriage form. In the recent hundred years, anthropologists have been doing researches on the Polyandry marriage system, and different theories have been formed. There have also been lots of academic arguments on this specific topic. In the watershed of Lan Cang River in Deqin County, Diqin Prefecture in Yunnan Province, the Tibetans who live there used to practice the Fraternal Polyandry: the several brothers married the same woman and live under the same roof all their lives. Nowadays, this unique marriage form still exists in some of the villages in this area. To explain the reason and the meanings of the existence of Polyandry from the angle of ecology and environment requirement is very popular now. However, the researches in this area are still at the stage of simple qualitative analysis. Jia Bi Village in Deqin County is a village which now still practice fraternal Polyandry. Based on a long time Anthropology’s fieldwork in this region, I don’t try to explain the reason of Fraternal Polyandry，but compare the space of Fraternal Polyandry and Monogamy, analyze how the Fraternal Polyandry recognize、understand and use the space, and at the end find the social value of Fraternal Polyandry in the local community. Keywords：Tibetan、Monogamy、Polyandry、Fraternal Polyandry、Space 一妻多夫婚姻（Polyandry）指几个男人共同和一个女子结合，是一种比较罕见的婚姻形式。一妻多夫婚姻按丈夫间的关系可分为兄弟型一妻多夫（Fraternal Polyandry）