Handout 英语语音常识与训练.docVIP

英语语音常识与训练 /~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html 标准美音音标教学(带清晰视频) I. 基本音素和音标 发音器官图 1．英音的48个音素 辅音 /p/ / t / /k/ / f / / / /s/ / / /t / /ts/ /tr/ /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / / /z/ / / /d / /dz/ /dr/ /l/ /m/ /n / / / /h/ /r/ /w/ /j/ 元音 前元音 /i:/ /i/ /e/ / / 中元音 / / / / / / 后元音 /u:/ /u/ / :/ / / /a/ 双元音 /ei/ /ai/ /au/ / u/ / i/ /i / / / /u / 2．英音和美音的区别 1). /a/ ( / / class, fast, master, bath, France, advance (exception: father, far, farther, march) 2). /ju:/ ( /u/ news, Tuesday, duty, tube, due 3). / / ( / / lock, doctor, shop, job, stop 4). 元音末r发音 car, bar, actor, doctor, sister, worker 5). 元音间的 /t/ ( /d/ later, matter, writer, water, shorter II. 音变现象 强式和弱式 1）元音弱式多弱化为 / / 2）弱式中元音和辅音都可能消失 3）弱式中，长元音一般都变成短元音 strong form weak form examples strong form weak form examples a an the and as but or than that me we us you your he him his she her them who some such many at for from of to be been am is are was were do does have has had shall should will would must can not sir there 2．强式和弱式的使用规则 强式一般用于正式谈话中，或用于强调，或表达某种特殊的情感，弱式一般用于生活会话或语速较快的谈话。 3．音的同化 /t/+/j/=/t / How about you? Can’t you see it? I got your letter yesterday. /d/+/j/=/d / What did you do? Mind your steps.脚下当心 Would you care for a cup of tea? /s/+/ /=/ / this ship I can sense your pain. /s/+/j/=/ / God bless you this year /z/+/ /=/ / Has she come? She sells shirts. How’s she? /z/+/j/=/ / Has your letter come? Close your eyes. As you please. /v/+/m/=/m/ Give me your hand. Give me a break. 4．失去爆破 爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 失去爆破，意思是当一个爆破音和另一个辅音相遇时，前面的音只作口型，并留有相应的时值，不等爆破就转入发下一个音。 1). 爆破音+爆破音 Big deal!了不起 Good day! 你好 You can’t do this to me.你不能这么对待我 Let’s get back together. 我们和好吧step by step 2). 爆破音+破擦音 /ts/ /dz/ /t / /d / /tr/ /dr/ good job sweet dream in big trouble picture an old tree a drunk driver You didn’t change a bit. 3)