自考英语词汇学难点整理.pdfVIP

第五章：Word Meaning The meaningsof‘Meaning’ 指的是哪三个层次的内容? 意义中的含义的三个层次的划分: Whatare the meanings of ‘Meaning’? 1) Reference (有reference 的词必然具有sense, 也必然具有Concept ) 2) Concept( 能够形成Concept 的词必然有reference ) 3) Sense (有sense 的词未必具有concept , 也未必具有reference) (Conjunction , prepositions, adverbs, 它们都是具有sense 的词,但是未 必具有reference , 也未必具有concept, 例如：if, but,probably: 它们有 sense, 但没有concept ) What is the relationshipbetween the reference andthe thing outside thelanguage?（等同于：Whatisrelationshipbetweensoundandform ） 答: Arbitrary and conventional 名词解释: reference 名词Concept : 1. Meaningandconcept are closely connected but not identical . They are both related directly to referents and are notions of the words but belongtodifferent categories. 2. Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in thehuman mind . 3. Concept is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language andsoon. 4. a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languagesinthe world. 重点: sense 的名词解释： Sense:1.‘ sense’ denotestherelationshipsinsidethelanguage.‘ The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships withotherexpressionsin the language.’ 2.Sincethesenseofanexpressionisnotathing,itisoftendifficultto say what sort of identity it is.It is alsoanabstraction. *3. Every word that has meaning has sense (not every word has reference) 重点：Whatare the type of motivation？ 1) Onomatopoeicmotivation 2) MorphologicalMotivation 3) SemanticMotivation 4) Etymological Motivation 填空: 1.some of the words when edited with prefixes and suffixes, it will become another new word, either new in meaning or new in sense, this motivation iscalled( morphologicalmotivation) 2. Compounds are totally different in the meaning before it was carried out with different elements, so the meaning of a compound can not be deducedfrom component constitutedthis compound ,this motivationiscalled( morph