Classical Approaches to Management古典管理理论.ppt

 MANAGEMENT HISTORY MIM332E What is management: getting things done through other people What can history tell us? Knowledge of management history can increase understanding of management theory and practice Earliest forms of Management: Pyramids Great wall of China History Management Studying history is a way to achieve strategic thinking, see the big picture, and improve conceptual skills. Before Industrial Revolution, organizational scale in economic undertakings was small. Neverthless, there was still a need for management in the conduct of military campaigns, in household affairs, and in the administartion of government. The Near East: Priest-Ruler ■ One such divine king was the Babylonian Hammurabi, who received his right to rule and his code of laws from the sun god. In 2250 BC, Hammurabi issued a code of 282 laws, which governed business dealings, personal behavior, interpersonal relations, wages, punishments, and a host of other societal matters. The Near East: Priest-Ruler Law 104, for examle, was the first mention of accounting. It dealt with the handling receipts and established an agency relationship between the merchant and the agent. Law 229: “If a builder builds a house for a man and does not make its construction firm, and the house collapses, and causes the death of the owner, that builder shall be put to death. The Far East: Philosophical Foundations of Management Chinese general Sun Tzu (600 BC): Structuring of army into subdivisions, gradations of rank among the officers, using gongs, flags, and signal fires for communications. The Far East: Philosophical Foundations of Management Planning for the battle: “If our forces are ten to the enemy’s one, surround them. If five to one, attack them. If twice as numerous, divide our army in two, one to meet the enemy in front and the other fall upon their rear. If equally matched, we can offer battle. If slightly inferior in number, we can avoid the enem