城市洪水灾害.pptxVIP

城市洪水可预测性分析 ——以2012年北京7?21洪水为例Urban Floods: A Case Study of the Beijing July-21 Flood in 2012王光谦清华大学水利系; 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室Guangqian WangDepartment of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Lab. of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing2012-12-04目录 Outline简介 Introduction降雨数据与洪水可预报性分析Analysis of Rainfall Data and Flood Predictability基于数字流域模型的河流洪水演算River Flood Simulation Using the DWM城区道路积水警报系统Road Waterlogging Warning System城市防洪展望Urban Flood Control Outlook简介 Introduction城市洪水灾害 Urban Flood Disaster 流域性洪水涌入城区——防洪问题Defense of outside floods洪水量级大，持续时间长，影响范围广防御目标明确，可提前预报预警城区内排水不畅形成内涝——排水问题Drainage of inside floods形成速度快，局部灾害大难以预报预警，城市化进程中逐渐凸显的灾害来源两类因素同时作用导致较大的城市洪水灾害Combination of the two factors全国概况General Situation in China我国的城市化水平正在不断提高 (城市人口比例)Higher level of urbanization (population percentage)我国城市防洪形势严峻，防洪标准普遍较低Low flood control standard据2002年资料，我国(未计港澳台地区)有防洪任务的城市642 座，其中177 座(28%)达到国家防洪标准 Reached national standard465 座(72%)城市低于国家规定的防洪标准 Unreached19492005201020112025205010.6%42.99%49.68%51.3%~60%~70%全国概况General Situation in China我国位于长江、黄河、淮河、珠江、海河、辽河、松花江七大流域和东南沿海地区的诸多城市频繁遭受内涝灾害中国住房和城乡建设部2010年对351 个城市的调研显示2008-2010年间, 62%的城市发生过城市内涝内涝灾害超过3 次以上的城市有137 个截至8月份， 2012年中国正式报道的城市内涝致死人数已多于100 人频繁发生的城市洪水灾害已经成为我国城市化建设可持续发展的一个硬伤我国城市洪水灾害基本特点Features of Urban Flood Disaster in China我国的城市洪水灾害具有普遍性和频发性Urban floods are common and frequent我国的城市洪水灾害发生时间相对集中Concentrated in flood seasons北方地区：6-8 月Northern region: from June to August南方地区：5-8 月Southern region: from May to AugustFlood control system in lower reachesThe lower Yellow River is a “suspended” river where river bed is normally 3-5 meters higher than the ground on both sides. River bed wanders on the restricted area by river dikes. Iron tower of Kaifen City dikeYellow River13mFlood involved areaFlood disasters extended to Tianjin in north and to Nanjing in south with a total area of 250,000 km2Population: 78?106Big cities: 7TianjinJinanZhengzhouNanjingFlood storage struc