生物信息和生物统计培训教材（上海交通大学） LECTURE 1 2010 SJTU.pdfVIP

LECTURE 1: OVERVIEW BIOSTATISTICS: YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW1 Math — or Mathematical Science? 1 Study design 1 Descriptive statistics 2 Statistical Inference2 BIOSTATISTICS TRAINING PROGRAMS IN U.S. 3 JOB OPPORTUNITIES IN THE U.S4 BIOSTATISTICS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS 7 HYPOTHESIS TESTING8 FALSE DISCOVERY RATE 10 False Discovery Rate Methods for High-dimensional Data 11 Controlling False Discovery Rate: Benjamini Hochberg 12 Other FDR Methods 17 An Example of FDR17 FREQUENTIST VERSUS BAYESIAN DESIGN19 ADAPTIVE DESIGN 21 OVERFITTING VS. GENERALIZATION 22 CASE STUDY 1: DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION23 CASE STUDY 2: A U.S. FDA ADVISORY BOARD MEETING23 BIOSTATISTICS: YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW Math — or Mathematical Science? Statistics is considered by some to be a mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data, while others consider it to be a branch of mathematics concerned with collecting and interpreting data. Because of its empirical roots and its focus on applications, statistics is usually considered to be a distinct mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics. Study design Statisticians improve the quality of data with the design of experiments and survey sampling. Statistics also provides tools for prediction and forecasting using data and statistical models. Statistics is applicable to a wide variety of academic disciplines, including natural and social sciences, government, and business. 1 Descriptive statistics Statistical methods can be used to summarize or describe a collection of data; this is called descriptive statistics. This is useful in research, when communicating the results of experiments. In addition, patterns in the data