计算机系统结构(英文课件).pptVIP

Chapter 2:  Computer-System Structures Computer System Operation I/O Structure Storage Structure Storage Hierarchy Hardware Protection General System Architecture Uniprocessor Computer-System Architecture Controller A device controller is a part of a computer system that makes sense of the signals going to, and coming from the CPU processor. Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type. Device controllers use binary and digital codes. Each device controller has a local buffer and a command register. I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller. I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently. Device controllers communicate with the CPU by causing an interrupt. Functions of device controllers Receiving and understanding the commands of CPU implementing the data exchange between CPU and devices (format conversion) Recording the status of device to be queried by CPU (status register) Identifying the address of each device Common Functions of Interrupts Interrupts transfers control to the interrupt service routine generally, through the interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of all the service routines. 通常中断通过中断向量把控制传给中断服务程序 Interrupt architecture must save the address of the interrupted instruction. Incoming interrupts are disabled while another interrupt is being processed to prevent a lost interrupt. A trap is a software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user request. An operating system is interrupt driven. Interrupt Handling The operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter. Determines which type of interrupt has occurred: polling vectored interrupt system Separate segments of code determine what action should be taken for each type of interrupt Interrupt Time Line For a Single Process Doing Output (P21) Chapter 2: Computer-System  Structures Computer System Operation I/O Structure Storage Structure