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可数名词有单、复数之分。单数名词变为复数形式时，又有规则和不规则之分。　（1）规则复数形式　规则复数形式有以下几情况:　①flowers,sisters, machines,months　②buses,boxes,watches,dishes　③countries,factories,stories　④knives,shelves,lives　⑤tomatoes,potatoes,heroes　（2）不规则复数形式　凡不是以加-s、-es构成复数形式的名词，称不规则复数名词。　常见的不规则复数名词主要有：　man─men woman─women　child─children ox─oxen　foot─feet tooth─teeth　mouse─mice goose─geese　phenomenon─phenomena thesis─theses　analysis─analyses crisis─crises　basis─bases bacterium─ bacteria　deer─deer means─means　aircraft─aircraft species─species　series─series sheep─sheep　（3）常用复数形式的名词　有些名词经常以复数的形式出现，包括以下两种情况：　a.由两部分组成一个物体的名词。如：　服装：pants,pajamas,jeans,trousers　器具：glasses,scales,pliers,tweezers　b.其他名词，如：　goods,spirits,stairs,wages,greens,suburbs　不可数名词的个体化，如：　apieceofpaper　apieceofnews　twotonsofsteel　aflashoflight　adropofwater　threecakesofsoap　a tube of tooth paste　a spoonful of sugar　a pair of glasses　名词的可数或不可数并不是一成不变的，在一定条件下可以相互转化。如：　Therearefewlambsinthezoo./ Would you like some lamb or pork?　Theygrowtheirowncarrots./ Goodstew（炖菜）must containcarrot.　Beerisrefreshinginsummer./ They had two beers.　Richmenliveinluxury./ A refrigerator is a luxury here.　英语名词有两种属格：’s属格和of-属格。如：　1.’s属格的形式　（1） baby’s， horse’s；　（2） freshmen’s，firemen’s；　（3）teachers’，theSmiths’；　2.-’s属格的使用　（1）thehorse’smouth, themanager’soffice, women’s clothes　（2）the school’s enrollment,thegovernment’sproperty,　Europe’sfuture　（3）thetrain’sheatingsystem,theship’sbell　（4）the earth’s surface,aday’s work,two hours’ drive, eight dollars’ worth, a pound’s weight　（5）thebarber’s,thetailor’s, St.Peter’s , the baker’s, the dentist’s, the Smith’s　3.of-属格的使用　用于无生命的东西，表示所有关系，如：　theend of theroad　thetop of theshelf　thesale of thehouse　ThecityofNewCastleliesatthemouthoftheNewCastleRiver.第04讲　词类——代词（1）代词　代词是指代替名词及名词词组的词。英语中代词可分为人称代词, 物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。　人称代词是用来指代人的代词　主格I you he she it we you they　宾格me you him her it us you them　如：　Heisaworker.　Thepolicefoundher.　Thegiftisforme.[javascript:void(0);讲义编号NODE50489500010400000101：针对本讲义提问]　物主代词有两大类：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词