复杂轴类配合件加工论文.doc

南通职业大学 毕业设计（论文） 课题： 复杂轴类配合件加工 系 科： 机械工程系 专 业： 班 级： 姓 名： 指导教师： 完成日期： 2008.5.5 摘 要 数控车床是目前使用最广泛的数控机床之一。数控车床主要用于加工轴类、盘类等回转体零件。通过数控加工程序的运行，可自动完成内外圆柱面、圆锥面、成形表面、螺纹和端面等工序的切削加工，并能进行车槽、钻孔、扩孔、铰孔等工作。 数控车床种类较多，但主体结构都是由：车床主体、数控装置、伺服系统三大部分组成。 数控机床的编程方法有手工编程和自动编程两种。手工编程，编制复杂零件时，容易出错；而自动编程则不会发生这种情况。 编程就是将加工零件的加工顺序、刀具运动轨迹的尺寸数据、工艺参数（主运动和进给运动速度、切削深度）以及辅助操作（换刀、主轴正反转、冷却液开关、刀具夹紧、松开等）加工信息，用规定的文字、数字、符号组成的代码，按一定格式编写成加工程序。 数控机床程序编制过程主要包括：分析零件图纸、工艺处理、数学处理、编写零件程序、程序校验。 机床夹具的种类很多，按使用机床类型分类，可分为车床夹具、铣床夹具、钻床夹具、镗床夹具、加工中心夹具和其他夹具等。按驱动夹具工作的动力源分类，可分为手动夹具、气动夹具、液压夹具、电动夹具、磁力夹具和自夹紧夹具等。 关键词：数控，车床，编程，加工。 CNC MachiningA CNC MACHINING CNC stands for computer numerical control. CNC machining is a versatile system that allows you to control the motion of tools and parts through computer programs that use numeric data. CNC machining can be used with nearly any traditional machine.CNC MachiningCNC machining starts with a piece of metal, sometimes called a billet. (Billet:??pretentious word for lump of metal, used by machinests and marketeers to confuse outsiders.)That piece of metal might have been cast, forged, or rolled (squeezed between rollers, sort of a limited forging, only capable of making flat things with straight grain like a board).It is put into a fairly standard machine tool, that has had position sensing and motors on the control knobs installed. This is basically just a robot machinist. You use a rotating cutting tool to cut away all the metal that isnt your crank. 3D metal etch-a-sketch, with the computer interpolating so the circles come out looking pretty smooth.The down-side of CNC machiningThere are a couple of issues. First, it wastes a lot of metal. The stuff removed is just metal shavings, and can only be sold for scrap. By comparison, forging use