chap11-heat exchangers传热传质.pptVIP

CHAPTER 11 Heat Exchangers Introduction Heat exchanger The device used to implement heat exchange between two fluids that are at different temperatures and separated by a solid wall. Applications Space heating and air-conditioning, power production, waste heat recovery, and chemical processing. Objectives (1) To introduce performance parameters for assessing the efficacy of a heat exchanger (2) To develop methodologies for designing a heat exchanger or for predicting the performance of an existing exchanger operating under prescribed conditions. 11.1 Heat Exchanger Types Heat exchangers are typically classified according to flow arrangement and type of construction. concentric tube Parallel-flow The hot and cold fluids enter at the same end, flow in the same direction, and leave at the same end. Counterflow The fluids enter at opposite ends, flow in opposite directions, and leave at opposite ends. 11.1 Heat Exchanger Types Alternatively, the fluids may move in cross flow (perpendicular to each other), as shown by the finned and unfinned tubular heat exchangers of figure 11.2. 11.1 Heat Exchanger Types Another common configuration is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Specific forms differ according to the number of shell-and-tube passes, and the simplest form, which involves single tube and shell passes, is shown in figure 11.3 . 11.1 Heat Exchanger Types Baffles are usually installed to increase the convection coefficient of the shell-side fluid by inducing turbulence and a cross-flow velocity component. 11.1 Heat Exchanger Types A special and important class of heat exchangers is used to achieve a very large(≥700m2/m3) heat transfer surface area per unit volume. Termed compact heat exchangers, these devices have dense arrays of finned tubes or plates and are typically used when at least one of the fluids is a gas, and is hence characterized by a small convection coefficien