Topics in nutrition and food science：营养和食品科学的主题.ppt

Mechanisms hypoglycemic effects : by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. by inhibiting the activities of α-amylase and sucrase. LIPID-LOWERING EFFECTS. Supplementation of 100 g defatted fenugreek powder per day for 3 weeks reduced TG and LDL-C levels from the baseline values. Slight decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were also noted. TC levels decreased in five diabetic patients treated with fenugreek seed powder (25 g per day oral) for 21 days. Saponins present in the defatted part (4.8%) and cholesterol form insoluble complexes and retard cholesterol absorption in the intestine. IMMUNOMODULATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS. An aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds showed immune stimulating effect on macrophages and showed a positive effect on specific and non-specific immune functions of the lymphoid organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and liver. ANTITUMOR EFFECTS. Epidemiological evidence suggests that dietary spices and fiber prevent colon carcinogenesis. Flavonoids and fiber can potentially act as anticarcinogenic agents by binding to free carcinogens and/or carcinogenic metabolites. ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY. A polyphenol-rich extract of fenugreek seeds protected erythrocytes from peroxide-induced oxidative hemolysis. Dietary administration of fenugreek seeds resulted in an increased GSH (dose dependant). Germinated seeds have higher antioxidant activity than non germinated. GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION. diet containing 2% fenugreek seed improved the intestinal function by enhancing the activities of terminal enzymes of digestive process. Seeds are supposed to stimulate appetite. gastroprotective and antisecretory activities of the seeds against ulcer. Functional Foods from Date Fruits History PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS. dates are a rich source of mainly carbohydrates (fructose and glucose), but smaller quantities of vitamins, minerals, and other minor constituents are also present.