细胞、分子与遗传学复习资料2809.docVIP

Cellular signal transduction:The process by which information from the extra-cellular environment is conveyed into the cell interior with a change in cellular response.(Sequential interaction of intracellular signal molecules). Cross talk network Cascade Second messengers: Small signal molecules that are generated in the cell and transmit message in response to extracellular signals, then activate many other downstream components. Transmit signals mainly by concentration and spatial change, which occur and terminate rapidly. 1.解释下列名词： 细胞连接；紧密连接；锚定连接；黏合斑； 桥粒；半桥粒；通讯连接；间隙连接； 细胞黏附；细胞黏附分子； 2.简述细胞连接的分类与各种连接的功能。 3.简述细胞黏附的基本特性。 一、 Cell Junction: include cell-cell junction and cell-ECM junction. Cell-cell junctions are specialized protein complexes that allow neighboring cells to adhere to and communicate with one another. Cell-ECM junction are receptor clusters that permit cell adhere to the ECM. All cell-ECM and cell-cell receptors contribute to signaling pathways linking cells. Tight junction: Tight junction is the junctional complex that forms between adjacent epithelial cells or endothelial cells, which seals the gap between adjacent cells to keep the stability of internal environment of tissues. Tight junctions also preserve epithelial cell polarity by serving as a “fence” that prevents diffusion of plasma membrane proteins between the apical and basal regions. Anchoring junction: a kind of cell junction between cells or cell-ECM, which forms a firm bond that resists mechanical tension by involving cytoskeleton. It consists of two kinds of proteins intracellular anchor protein and transmembrane adhesion protein. Adhesion plaque:A kind of cell junction in the basal side of epithelial cells with actin attached, which mediates the adhesion between the cells and ECM. It is meaningful of cell stretch, movement and signal transmission Desmosomes: are disk-shaped adhesive junctions between adjacent cells, which are the attaching sites of intermediate filaments