大学跨文化交际Unit_1_introduction.pptVIP

* * * . History offers so many examples of how cultures have changed as a result of laws, shifts in values, natural disasters, wars, or calamities. More and more women work as CEOs in major companies and as officials in government instead of remaining at home looking after children. Both women and men have made adaptation to this cultural change. 6) Culture is adaptive Part II Communication The definition of communication Components of communication Western Perspective of communication Eastern perspective of communication The definition of communication Western Perspective of communication In western cultures, communication is studied as the means of transmitting ideas. Western cultures emphasize the instrumental function of communication; that is, effectiveness is evaluated in terms of success in the manipulation of others to achieve one’s personal goal. Eastern perspective of communication Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress : harmony, which is most notable in cultures with a Confucian tradition. Eastern cultures’ understanding would define communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. Picture Analysis What are the components of communication reflected in the following picture? 2. Components of communication A sender/source is the person who transmits a message. A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver. Encoding refers to the activity during which the sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. Encoding （编码） Channel /Medium （渠道） Channel/Medium is the method used to deliver a message. Message （信息） Sender/Source （信息源） Decoding （解码） Decoding is the activity during which the receiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols he/she has received. Receiver （信息接收者） A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message. Feedback （反馈） The response of