33非限定动词FG.docVIP

33非限定动词FG 非限定动词 E 动词不定式的被动语态 动词不定式有两种被动语态形式： 一般式to be written 完成式to have been written 例： The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下-步要做的事是把土运走。 No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成损害。 分裂不定式 有时在不定式符号to和动词原形之间插入一个副词，这种现象叫做分裂不定式(split infinitive)。插入动词不定式的副词，习惯上往往与不定式动词连在一起。如： He likes to half close his eyes.他喜欢半闭着眼睛。 Our object is to further cement friendly relations between the two countries.我们的目的是进一步加强两国之间的友好关系。 At first he wasnt interested in bookkeeping，but later he began to actually like it.起初他对会计工作没有兴趣，但到后来倒喜欢起它来了 [英语语法手册]非限定动词 F 动名词 意义、形式和特征 1)动名词(gerund)为非限定动词的一种，由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词同形，动名词有动词和名词的特征。 2)动名词的动词特征： a)动名词可以有宾语。如： I have finished repairing that machine.我修完那台机器了。 b)动名词可以用状语来修饰。如： They have started working in the apple-orchard.他们已经开始在苹果园里劳动了。 动名词加宾语或状语构成动名词短语，如上两例中的 repairing that machine和working in the apple-orchard。 3)动名词的名词特征 在句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Getting up early is a good habit.起早是个好习惯。(动名词getting up作主语) The foreign visitors enjoyed seeing Chinese acrobatics.外宾喜欢看中国杂技。(动名词seeing作宾语) 用法动名词可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1)作主语： Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 Reading aloud is very important in learning English.学习英语朗读很重要。 Looking down on women is feudal ideology.轻视妇女是封建意识。 [注]在下面结构中，亦可用引词讧作形式主语，把意义上的主语即动名词放在句末。如： Its no use over spilt milk.牛奶打翻了哭也没有用。(作无益的后悔没有用) Its no good talking about it.谈也无用。 2)作表语： Her job was looking after the pigs.她的工作是喂猪。 His hobby is collecting stamps.他爱好集邮。 [注] 动名词作表语时，不可与进行时态相混淆。试比较： She was washing clothes. (过去进行时) 她正在洗衣服。 Her job was washing clothes. (动名词) 她的工作是洗衣服。 3)作宾语： a)作直接宾语，用在begin，start，stop，finish，like等动词后面。如： please stop talking.请不要讲话。 You must practise reading English aloud.你应练习朗读英语。 b)作介词的宾语。如： My sister is fond of reading novels.我姐姐喜欢看小说。 Were tired of having the same kind of food everyday.我们对天天吃同样的饭菜感到厌倦。 Instead of going to Zhongshan park，they went to the ZOO.他们没有去中山公园，到动物园去了。 Mr. Bush earns his living by teaching.布什先生以教书为生。 He was punished for stealing.他因偷盗受到惩罚。 4)作定语： My father works in a printing shop.我的父亲在一个印刷厂