计算机语言学.pptVIP

Computational Linguistics Contents 1.1 What is Computational Linguistics? Computational linguistics is the scientific study of language from a computational perspective. It can be seen as a branch of applied linguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language. Notes: Computational linguistics belongs to the cognitive sciences and overlaps with the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science aiming at computational models of human cognition. It is an interdisciplinary enterprise which centers around the use of computers to process or produce human language or natural language. 1.2 Computer-assisted Language (CALL) 1.2.1 Definition and Activities Definition: CALL (COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE) refers to the use of a computer in a language teaching and learning program. On the part of teaching, the teacher, by using a computer, presents a language teaching program in a sequence and monitors whether the students’ responses are correct or incorrect. On the part of learning, the language learners use computers to monitor their own progress, and direct themselves into appropriate lessons, material, etc. CALL is more often practiced in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. According to Richards, et al.(1998), it may take the form of : Activities which parallel learning through other media but which use the facilities of the computer Activities which are extensions or adaptations of print-based or classroom-based activities Activities which are unique to CALL. 1.2.2 Phases of CALL Development Though CALL has developed gradually over the last 40 years, this development can be categorized in terms of four somewhat distinct phases based on Warschauver (1996) and Johnson Johnson (1998/1999). (1)Phase I (Behavioristic CALL) THE BEHAVIORISTIC CALL was conceived in the 1950s and implemented in the 1960s and 1970s. The teaching methodology was often in the conventional traditions either of grammatical explanation, in whi