神经病学精品教学：neurology.pptVIP

* * DSA CT DSA Neuroimaging * * MRI-DWI MRI MRI * * SPECT PET * * Electrophysiologic tests permit the measurement of electrical activity from the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves and can provide important information. These tests include electroencephalogram (EEG), evoked potentials, electromyography ( EMG), and nerve conduction studies. The role of neuroimaging and laboratory investigations * * EEG Electrophysiology * * EEG * * EVOKED POTENTIAL * * EMG * * The lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, provides cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Analysis of the CSF ( measurement of its protein, glucose, and immunoglobulin content, along with its cell count) can provide a definitive diagnosis of infection ( such as bacterial meningitis) and can help to confirm the diagnosis in such disorder as multiple sclerosis and brain tumor. The role of neuroimaging and laboratory investigations * * Diagnosis of neurological diseases Topographic diagnosis Etiopathalogical diagnosis * * Topographic diagnosis Carefull neurological examination: basic Neuroimaging investigations: modern Electrophysiological tests: specific * * Topographic diagnosis Processes Causing Neurologic Disease Focal Process: focal pathology, stroke, tumors Mutifocal Process: multifocal pathology, multiple sclerosis, leptomeningeal seeding of a tumor Diffuse Process: diffuse dysfunction, toxins, metabolic, systemic disorder Rostrocaudal localization Transverse Localization * * Topographic diagnosis THE LOCATION OF LESIONS Muscles Motor end-plates Peripheral nerves Roots Spinal cord Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon * * Topographic diagnosis THE LOCATION OF LESIONS Subcortical white matter Subcortical gray matter Cerebral cortex Meninges Skull Vertebral column * * Etiopathological diagnosis Age Gender History Time Course Lab finding Vascular Malignant Infectious/inflammatory Toxic/deficiency/metabolic Demyelinative Degenerative Genetic/congenital Traumatic * * * The perception of pain