语法与词汇解题技巧.docVIP

语法与词汇解题技巧 谈英语高考“语法与词汇知识”解题技巧 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 时间： 2010年03月15日 17:52 作者： 来源： 综观近年来英语高考试题，可以看出试题题型在部分题目的命题上发生了一些变化。如第二部分的第一节由原来的“单项填空”改为现在的“语法和词汇知识考查”。这表明知识的考查面更为广泛，深度加大；加强了词汇及短语的考查，同时更加注重考查语言知识的综合运用能力。题目的设计并不是知识的简单重现，而是更加巧妙、独特。因此，同学们在掌握好基础知识的同时也应掌握一些解题方法和技巧。下面介绍一些较为实用的解题技巧，以飨读者。 一、系统还原法 命题者为增加试题的难度和干扰性，常对知识点进行“变形”“包装”“深度加工”，如使用疑问句、复合句、强调句、倒装句等句式。对于这种题型，最好使用系统还原法简化句型结构，如把并列句、复合句还原为简单句；把疑问句、强调句还原为陈述句等。 （一）把疑问句还原为陈述句 例1. Was it＿＿the conference of APEC that made Shanghai the focus of the world then? A. holding B. hold C. held D. being held 【解析】若只看选项，B和C是不合乎语法规则的，而A和D均符合。本题为一般疑问句，把它还原为陈述句：It was＿＿the conference of APEC that made Shanghai the focus of the world then.这样就很容易看出本题旨在考查动名词短语充当主语的用法。根据语法规则及句意可知D项正确，即：Being held the conference of APEC made Shanghai the focus of the world then.其一般疑问句式则为：Was it being held the conference...the focus of the world then? （二）把强调句还原为陈述句 例2. It was＿＿that you did me to repair the computer. A. a favour B. help C. good D. kind 【解析】本题为强调句型。很容易误选C或D项，但如果去掉It was...that而把它还原为陈述句：You did me＿＿to repair the computer.则应看出本题旨在考查短语do sb.a favour“帮某人一个忙”，故选A。其强调句为：It was a favour that you did me to repair the computer. （三）把省略句还原为完整句 例3. --Will you go and attend her party? --No,＿＿. A. even though invited B. even is invited C. is not invited D. unless being invited to go 【解析】本题旨在考查省略句，既有状语从句省略，又有不定式的省略。根据上下句的句意及否定答语，可以将答语补全为：No, even if/even though I am invited to attend her party.even though引导的让步状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语和谓语动词，故选A。 （四）把倒装语序转换成陈述语序 例4. Not until his homework was＿＿go to bed last night. A. he finished B. finished did he C. he had finished D. finished he did 【解析】此题考查倒装句式，把它还原为正常语序为：He didnt go to bed last night until his homeworkwas finished.这样就比较容易地选出答案B。 （五）把被动语态还原为主动语态 例5.＿＿is known to us all is that the earth goes around the sun. A.As B.Which C.It D.What 【解析】此题若根据原有知识的思维定势易误选A或C。若把题干中的主语从句的被动语态还原为主动语态：＿＿we dll know is that the earth goes around the sun.这样就很容易看出