摒y物式排程问题How-shopproblemFSP可描述如下-CiteSeerX.PDF

高雄應用科技大學學報 第三十三期 民國九十三年 Journal of National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Vol. 33 (2004), pp. 131-144 A Study on Production of English Vowels by Taiwanese Adult Learners: An Acoustic Perspective * Ming-Chung Cheng Abstract This study presents an acoustic study of English vowel production by 10 male and 10 female Taiwanese adult speakers (TASs) who are learning English as a foreign language and compares F1 and F2 values of ten English vowels pronounced by them and English native speakers (ENSs). Each subject’s vowel sounds are recorded and measured three times in order to acquire objective results. Results show that TASs and ENSs are different in vowel height and frontness. Pedagogical implications with the major finding are provided for teachers to help TASs improve their pronunciation. Key words : vowel production, acoustics, phonetics, adult EFL learner of syllable-final stops as in ‘sit’), and transformation 1. Introduction (e.g. /daN/ for /daUn/ in ‘down’) occur, too. It is no doubt that their native language has a great As students learn a foreign language, they influence upon their acquisition of the target usually experience difficulties in the target language pronunciation. To illustrate, substitution language pronunciation.