第二章 当代国际政治.doc

第二章 当代国际政治 教学目标与要求：通过本章学习，了解世界政治格局的演进，关注世界政治多极化趋势，思考世界政治发展的趋势和特点；认识联合国等国际组织和区域性组织的地位和作用，了解两极格局的形成，分析其形成的原因，以及两极格局开始松动及其变化；了解松动的原因及其瓦解过程，总结苏联东欧剧变的教训；维护和平、促进发展是不可抗拒的历史潮流，世界多极化是不以人的意志为转移的客观趋势；要警惕霸权主义、强权政治和单边主义的危险和危害；认识恐怖主义、民族宗教矛盾、边界领土争端等因素对世界和平的负面影响。 教学重点：雅尔塔体制的形成；资本主义阵营的分化；当今世界政治发展的趋势和特点。 教学难点：战后世界政治格局的演变；当今世界政治发展的趋势和特点。 教学方法与手段：课堂讨论法，对比分析法，案例分析法，讲授法；辩论法；多媒体教学，视频辅助 教学时间：7学时 主要内容： Questions: What are the main actors in international politics? What kinds of role do they play? What do you think about the Sep.11? Is there any other relationship between those actors? What are they? 一、当代国际政治的运行主体 国际政治的行为主体/Actors：主权国家/Sovereign States；非国家行为主体/ Nonstate Actors Independently take part in international politics, such like international organizations, MNCs and religious groups. Basic State of International Politics：Competition; cooperation; conflict. （一）主权国家 1.主权国家/Sovereignty State 1.1主权国家的特征/Characteristics ：一定数量的定居的国民/citizens; 一定面积的国土/territory; 一定形式的政权机构/government organizations; 独立自主处理内外事务的最高权力; /sovereignty (区别于其它集团的最重要的属性） Sovereignty：Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme independent authority over a territory, or we can say the supreme, absolute and uncontrollable power by which an independent state is governed and from which all specific political powers are divided. Sovereignty should be seen as indicating a special, theoretical relationship between each state and all other states. In principle, this means that within state boundaries a single entity has a monopoly over the legitimate use of force. No other authority has a right to exercise force or maintain order within the territory of the state. The current notion of state sovereignty was laid down in the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), which, in relations to states, codified the basic principles of territorial integrity, border inviolability, and supremacy of the state rather than the Church. Nowadays, the concept lies at the heart of both customary international law and the UN Charter. The concept has never