土木工程专业英语(第二版_段兵延)第2课PPT.pptVIP

Lesson 2 Building and Architecture 建筑物和建筑学;1. shelter n. 隐蔽处，躲避处 ＋from The umbrella is a shelter from rain. v. 躲避 +from The wall sheltered us from the wind. 7. dominant a. 占优势的，有统治权的 The dominant influence in her life was her father. 在她一生中对她影响最大的是她的父亲。 v. dominate 支配，占优势 17. aspiration n. 志气，抱负 He has no aspiration for fame or gain. 他不图名利。 She has aspirations to become a great writer. 她有作名作家的抱负。; The purpose of a building is to provide a shelter for the performance of human activities． 一座建筑物的作用是为人类活动的进行提供一个躲避处。 From the time of the cave dwellers to the present，one of the first needs of man has been a shelter from the elements． 从穴居时代到现在，人类最重要的需求之一就是有一个躲避风雨的地方。 In a more general sense, the art of building encompasses all of man’s efforts to control its environment and direct natural forces to his own needs． 从更一般的意义上说，建筑的艺术包含了人类为了他自己的需要而控制环境和引导自然力的所有努力。 in……sense 在……意义上说 in all senses 在任何意义上说 in the proper (strict, literal) sense 在本来（严格、字面）的意义上说; This art includes，in addition to buildings，all the civil engineering structures such as dams，canals，tunnels，aqueducts，and bridges． 除了建筑物，这艺术还包括所有的土木工程结构物，比如大坝、运河、隧道、沟渠和桥梁。 The scientific basis for the design of buildings as shelters and for the design of civil engineering structures for other purposes is identical． 对于作为躲避处的建筑物和作其他用途的土木工程结构物，它们的设计科学依据是相同的。 It is only as a result of the specialized requirements of our modern society that these two fields have developed along separate paths． 只是出于现代社会的特定需要，这两个领域才沿着不同的路径发展。;Building; Finally，the form of a building is affected by a variety of socioeconomic factors，including land costs，tenancy，building budget，and zoning restrictions． 最后，建筑物的形式还要受到各种社会经济因素包括土地费用、租赁、工程预算和分区限制的影响。 High land costs in urban areas result in high buildings，while low land costs in the country result in low buildings．